Uvavanyo lwegazi olufumanisa umhlaza

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zethumba eziyi-8 ezifumanisa umhlaza
• 1. I-AFP
• 2. I-MCA
• 3. I-BTA
• 4. I-PSA
• 5. CA 125
• 6. ICalcitonin
• 7. I-Thyroglobulin
• 8. I-AEC
• Uqinisekisa njani isifo somhlaza

Ukuchonga umhlaza, ugqirha unokucelwa ukuba alinganise iziphawuli zesisu, ezizinto eziveliswa ziiseli okanye sisilonda ngokwaso, njenge-AFP kunye ne-PSA, eziphakanyiswe egazini kukho iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Yazi iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinokubonisa umhlaza.

Ukulinganiswa kwamakishi ethumba kubalulekile hayi ekufumaneni umhlaza kuphela, kodwa nokuvavanya ukukhula kwesisu kunye nokuphendula kunyango.

Nangona uphawu lwethumba lubonisa umhlaza, ezinye iimeko ezinobungozi zingakhokelela kukonyuka kwazo, njenge-appendicitis, i-prostatitis okanye i-prostate hyperplasia kwaye, ke, kwiimeko ezininzi kuye kufuneke kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa isifo, njenge-ultrasound okanye i-resonance yemagneti , umzekelo.

Ukongeza, amaxabiso ezimpawu zethumba kuvavanyo lwegazi ayahluka ngokwelabhoratri kunye nesini somguli, kubalulekile ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ixabiso lesalathiso elebhu. Nantsi indlela yokuqonda uvavanyo lwegazi.

Iimpawu zethumba eziyi-8 ezifumanisa umhlaza

Olunye lovavanyo olucelwe kakhulu ngugqirha ukuchonga umhlaza zezi:

1. I-AFP

Oko ikufumanisayo: I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) yiprotein enedosi enokuyalelwa ukuba iphande ngamathumbu esiswini, emathunjini, kwizibeleko okanye kubukho beemastastases esibindini.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Ngokubanzi, xa kukho utshintsho olubi, ixabiso lingaphezulu kwe-1000 ng / ml. Nangona kunjalo, eli xabiso linokunyuswa nakwiimeko ezinje nge-cirrhosis okanye i-hepatitis engapheliyo, umzekelo, ixabiso laso lisondele kwi-500 ng / ml.

2. I-MCA

Oko ikufumanisayo: I-carcinoma ehambelana ne-mucoid antigen (MCA) ihlala ifuna ukujonga umhlaza webele. Ukwazi ezinye iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele funda: Iimpawu ze-12 zomhlaza webele.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Kwiimeko ezininzi inokubonisa umhlaza xa ixabiso lawo likhulu kune-11 U / ml kuvavanyo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, eli xabiso linokunyuka kwiimeko ezinobunzima, ezinjengezilonda ezinobunzima be-ovary, isibeleko okanye iprotrate.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha ukwacela idosi yokumakisha i-CA 27.29 okanye i-CA 15.3 yokujonga umhlaza wamabele kunye nokujonga impendulo kunyango kunye nethuba lokuphindeka. Qonda ukuba yeyantoni kwaye lwenziwa njani uviwo lwe-CA 15.3.

3. I-BTA

Oko ikufumanisayo: I-antigen tumor antigen (BTA) isetyenziselwa ukunceda ukufumana umhlaza wesinyi kwaye ihlala ichithwe kunye ne-NMP22 kunye ne-CEA.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Phambi komhlaza wesinyi, uvavanyo lunexabiso elingaphezulu kwe-1. Ubukho be-BTA kumchamo, nangona kunjalo, bunokuphakanyiswa kwiingxaki ezinzulu ezinje ngokudumba kwezintso okanye i-urethra, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa i-catheter yesinyi.

4. I-PSA

Oko ikufumanisayo: Iprostate antigen (PSA) yiprotein yesiqhelo eveliselwa iprostate, kodwa kwimeko yomhlaza wedlala lobudoda inokunyuka ngakumbi. Funda ngakumbi malunga nePSA.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Xa uxinzelelo lwe-PSA egazini ingaphezulu kwe-4.0 ng / ml, inokubonisa ukukhula komhlaza kwaye, xa ingaphezulu kwe-50 ng / ml, inokubonisa ubukho be-metastases. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa umhlaza kunyanzelekile ukuba wenze ezinye iimvavanyo ezinje ngovavanyo lwamanqwanqwa edijithali kunye ne-ultrasound yeprostate, kuba uxinzelelo lwale protein lunokunyuka nakwiimeko ezinobungozi. Qonda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuchonga olu hlobo lomhlaza.

5. CA 125

Oko ikufumanisayo: I-CA 125 sisiphawuli esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukujonga ithuba kunye nokujonga ukukhula komhlaza we-ovari. Umthamo wommakishi kufuneka ukhatshwe lolunye uvavanyo ukuze kwenziwe uxilongo oluchanekileyo. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-CA 125.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Ihlala iluphawu lomhlaza we-ovari xa ixabiso likhulu kune-65 U / ml. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso linokunyuswa kwimeko yokuqina kwesibindi, i-cysts, i-endometriosis, i-hepatitis okanye i-pancreatitis.

6. ICalcitonin

Oko ikufumanisayo: ICalcitonin yihomoni eveliswe yi-thyroid kwaye inokunyuswa ikakhulu kubantu abanomhlaza wedlala lengqula, kodwa nakubantu abanomhlaza wamabele okanye wemiphunga, umzekelo. Jonga ukuba lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lwecalcitonin.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Inokuba luphawu lomhlaza xa ixabiso lingaphezulu kwe-20 pg / ml, kodwa amaxabiso anokutshintshwa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinjenge-pancreatitis, isifo sikaPaget kwanangexesha lokukhulelwa.

7. I-Thyroglobulin

Oko ikufumanisayo: I-Thyroglobulin ihlala iphakanyisiwe kumhlaza we-thyroid, nangona kunjalo, ukuze kufunyaniswe umhlaza we-thyroid, ezinye iimpawu kufuneka nazo zilinganiswe, njenge-calcitonin kunye ne-TSH, umzekelo, kuba i-thyroglobulin inokunyuka nakubantu abangenayo isifo.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-thyroglobulin aphakathi kwe-1.4 kunye ne-78 g / ml, ngaphezulu kunokubonisa umhlaza. Jonga ukuba zintoni iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala lengqula.

8. I-AEC

Oko ikufumanisayo: I-Carcinoembryonic antigen (i-CEA) inokutsalwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kwaye ihlala iphakanyisiwe kumhlaza emathunjini, ichaphazela ikholoni okanye i-rectum. Funda ngakumbi malunga nomhlaza wamathumbu.

Ixabiso lesalathiso: Ukubonisa umhlaza, uxinzelelo lwe-CEA kufuneka lube ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-5 ngaphezulu kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 ng / mL kubantu abatshayayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 ng / mL kubantu abangatshayiyo. Qonda ukuba yintoni uviwo lwe-CEA kwaye yenzelwe ntoni.

Ukongeza kolu vavanyo lwegazi, kunokwenzeka ukuphonononga ezinye iihormone kunye neeproteni, ezinje nge-CA 19.9, CA 72.4, LDH, Cathepsin D, Telomerase kunye ne-chorionic Gonadotropin yabantu, umzekelo, eguqule amaxabiso esalathiso xa umhlaza ukhula. kwelinye ilungu.

Isandi Magnetic

Uqinisekisa njani isifo somhlaza

Kwimeko yokurhanela umhlaza, kunyanzelekile ukuba uqinisekise isifo, esihlala sicelwa ngugqirha, iimvavanyo ezincedisayo zokucinga, ezinje:

• Ultrasound: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ultrasound, oluvavanyo olukuvumela ukuba ubone izilonda kumalungu afana nesibindi, injeke, udakada, izintso, iprostate, ibele, idlala lengqula, isibeleko kunye namaqanda;
• Radiography: Luvavanyo olwenziwa yiX-reyi, enceda ekuchongeni utshintsho emiphungeni, emqolo nasemathanjeni;
• Ukubonwa kwemagnetic resonance: Uvavanyo lomfanekiso olufumanisa utshintsho kumalungu anje ngesifuba, imithambo yegazi, isibindi, injeke, udakada, izintso kunye neadrenal.
• Itomography ebhaliweyo: Iyenziwa xa kukho utshintsho kwi-X-ray kwaye ihlala icelwa ukuba ivavanye imiphunga, isibindi, udakada, injeke, amalungu kunye nomqala, umzekelo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuqinisekiswa koxilongo kwenziwa ngokudibanisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokujonga isigulana, uvavanyo lwegazi, iMRI kunye ne-biopsy, umzekelo.