Kufuneka sithethe ngabasetyhini kunye nobundlobongela bemipu

Umxholo

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Sele kudlule amashumi amathathu eminyaka oko umthetho wobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabaseTyhini waphunyezwa ngo-1994. Ekuqaleni wasayinwa ngu-Mongameli welo xesha u-Bill Clinton, ngenkxaso enzima esuka ku-2020 owayengumgqatswa wobu-Democratic uJoe Biden (ngelo xesha, owayelisenator ye Delaware), Umthetho unikezele ngeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokuphanda nokutshutshisa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini. Ikwakhokelele ekwakhiweni kweOfisi yoBundlobongela obuNxamnye nabaseTyhini, icandelo leSebe lezoBulungisa elomeleza iinkonzo zamaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya, ubundlobongela phakathi kwabantu abathandanayo, uhlaselo ngokwesondo, kunye nokulandela. Umthetho udale umnxeba wesizwe olungiselelwe amaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya. Ixhasa ngemali iindawo zokuhlala kunye namaziko eengxaki kwaye ixhasa uqeqesho lokunyanzeliswa komthetho kuluntu kwilizwe liphela ukuphanda ngokufanelekileyo izenzo zobundlobongela ezijoliswe kwabasetyhini kunye nenkxaso kumaxhoba.

Ukuthetha okuncinci, iVAWA yatshintsha indlela abantu baseMelika abaqonda ngayo kwaye babujonga ngokusisiseko ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini. Phakathi kowe-1994 (xa wawusenziwa umthetho) nango-2010, ubundlobongela obusondeleyo kumaqabane behle ngaphezulu kwama-60 epesenti, ngokweSebe lezoBulungisa. Iingcali ezininzi zithi i-VAWA idlale indima enkulu kokwehla.

Ukusukela oko yasayinwa yangumthetho, i-VAWA ihlaziywa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ixesha ngalinye izisa amalungiselelo amatsha okukhusela ngcono abasetyhini kubundlobongela. Uhlaziyo lwango-2019 lwe-VAWA, umzekelo, lubandakanya isindululo sokuvala into ebizwa ngokuba yi "boyfriend loophole." Okwangoku, umthetho womanyano uthintela abahlukumezi basekhaya ekubeni babe nemipu, kodwa kuphela ukuba umxhaphazi utshatile (okanye wayetshatile), uhlala naye, okanye enomntwana nexhoba. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho nto inqanda abantu abathandanayo abathandanayo ekufikeleleni kwimipu, nokuba banerekhodi lolwaphulo-mthetho lobundlobongela basekhaya. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ukubulawa kwabantu okwenziwa ngabantu abathandanayo kuye kwanda amashumi amathathu eminyaka; into yokuba abasetyhini baphantse babulawe ngamaqabane athandanayo njengamaqabane; kwaye Inyaniso yokuba ubukho nje bompu kwiimeko zobundlobongela basekhaya bunokonyusa umngcipheko wokubulawa kwamabhinqa ngama-500 eepesenti, akukaze kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuvala "isithuba esithandanayo."

Nangona kunjalo, xa ukupheliswa kwe "lophole yamakhwenkwe" kwangeniswa kuhlaziyo luka-2019 lweVAWA, iNational Rifle Association, iqela elilwela amalungelo ompu, laphembelela ngamandla ngokuchasene nokuwiswa komthetho. Ukulwa ngokuchasene neNkongolo kulandele, kuthintela iinzame zokugunyazisa i-VAWA. Ngenxa yoko, i-VAWA ngoku iphelelwe lixesha, ishiya abo basindileyo kubundlobongela basekhaya, iindawo zokuhlala zabasetyhini, kunye neminye imibutho ebonelela ngoncedo olufunekayo ekuxhatshazweni kwabasetyhini ngaphandle kwenkxaso yomanyano kunye neyezezimali. Oku kufaneleke ngakumbi ngoku, njengoko iifowuni zobundlobongela basekhaya kunye namaziko eengxaki zokudlwengula axele ukonyuka okuzinzileyo kwiminxeba ukusukela oko kwaqala ubhubhane we-COVID-19.

Ke, singayigunyazisa njani iVAWA kwaye siphucule umnatha wokhuseleko kumaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya? Ubume uthethe noLynn Rosenthal, intshatsheli eyaziwayo kuzwelonke yokuthintela ubundlobongela bosapho, malunga nemiceli mngeni ejongene nokugunyaziswa kwakhona kwe-VAWA kunye nendlela uBiden aceba ukuyisombulula ngayo. URosenthal ubambe izikhundla njengomlawuli we-Violence Against Women Initiatives ye-Biden Foundation, umcebisi wokuqala we-White House kwezobundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini phantsi kuka-Mongameli u-Barack Obama, kunye nosekela-mongameli wobambiswano lobuchule kwi-Hotline yoBundlobongela baseKhaya kuZwelonke.

Ubume: Yeyiphi eyona miceli mngeni inkulu ngoku ejongene nokugunyaziswa kwakhona kweVAWA?

Rosenthal: Ubundlobongela basekhaya kunye nemipu yindibaniselwano ebulalayo. Ukusukela oko kwaqalwa i-VAWA, kuye kwakho ukukhuselwa kumthetho ochasene nobundlobongela bemipu, ukuqala ngesibonelelo sokuba umntu ophantsi komyalelo okhuselayo osisigxina (a.k.. Olunye ukhuseleko kulo mthetho sisilungiso saseLautenberg, esithi abantu abagwetywe ngolwaphulo mthetho kubundlobongela basekhaya nabo abanakho ukuba nemipu okanye iimbumbulu ngokusemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, olu khuselo lusebenza kuphela ukuba ixhoba (okanye lali) liqabane lomenzi wobubi, ukuba babehlala kunye, okanye ukuba babelana ngomntwana. Ukuvala "i-boyfriend loophole" kuya kwandisa olu khuseleko kwabo bangatshatanga, abangazange bahlale kunye, kwaye abanamntwana kunye.

I-VAWA akufuneki, nangayiphi na indlela, ibe ngumdlalo webhola ekhatywayo. Ifanele ibe sisiqwenga somthetho esidibanisa abantu ukuze bajongane nokhuseleko loluntu.

ULynn Rosenthal

I-VAWA akufuneki, nangayiphi na indlela, ibe ngumdlalo webhola ekhatywayo. Yinto ephambili ekuphenduleni kwesizwe kubundlobongela basekhaya, ubundlobongela bokuthandana, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo, kunye nokulandela. Kufanele ukuba ibe sisiqwenga somthetho esidibanisa abantu ukujongana nokhuseleko loluntu. Akufanele isetyenziswe njengesixhobo somgaqo-nkqubo woluntu. Kufuneka ime yodwa njengesiqwengana somthetho. Kuyothusa ukubona olu khuseleko lwandiswa.

UbumeKutheni le nto kubaluleke ngakumbi ukugunyazisa i-VAWA kwimozulu yangoku?

Rosenthal: Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 utyhile zonke iintlobo zokwahluka, kubandakanya ukwahluka ngokobuhlanga ekuphenduleni ubhubhane kunye nomngcipheko abahlali abajongene nawo. Xa usongeza ubundlobongela basekhaya kumxube, oko kwenza izinto zibe nzima ngakumbi.

Uncedo lweCoronavirus, Uncedo, kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko lwezoQoqosho kunye noMthetho wezeMpilo kunye noQoqosho lokuBuyisa i-Omnibus kwiZisombululo eziNgxamisekileyo eziBandakanyiweyo. abanye inkxaso-mali yeenkonzo zobundlobongela basekhaya, kodwa ayonelanga. Kufuneka sinikeze isiqabu ngakumbi kumaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya kunye neenkqubo ezibancedayo. Khawufane ucinge ngeziphumo zobhubhane kubantu abavaliweyo emakhayeni abo, bajongana nazo zonke iinkxalabo zokuzahlula, bezama ukunceda abantwana babo esikolweni, kwaye ejongene nobundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokuphathwa gadalala. Kufuneka sifumane ukukhululeka kwaba bantu kungekuphela nge-VAWA, kodwa ngamanyathelo akhawulezileyo kakhulu, anje ngenye iphakheji yokubuyisela i-COVID-19. Kungenjalo, sishiya amaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya enokubakho ngaphandle koncedo kunye nokhuseleko iminyaka emininzi njengoko sijonge ukuchacha kwesizwe kulo bhubhani.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-VAWA, ngakumbi, owona mbuzo ngulo: Ngaba umba wobundlobongela basekhaya kwabasetyhini yinto ephambili kwilizwe lethu, okanye akunjalo? Ukuba sijonga idatha, ngaphezulu kwesinye kwabasetyhini bafumana amava okuphathwa gadalala ezandleni zeqabane osenyongweni. Leyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi abaneemfuno zabo ezihlala zijongiwe. Ukuba siyabuqonda ubungakanani bengxaki kunye nomngcipheko kwimpilo yexesha elide kunye neenkxalabo zempilo yengqondo kubasetyhini kunye neentsapho, ngoko siyakwenza oku kuqala. Thina Ngaba bagqithise enye iphakheji yokubuyisela i-COVID-19 ngokukhawuleza nangenkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo yoncedo lobundlobongela basekhaya. Thina Ngaba qhubela phambili nokugunyaziswa kwakhona kweVAWA. Thina ngekhe uxakwe yimilo yamaqela. Ukuba siyikhathalele ngokwenene le ngxaki, besiya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye siza kubonelela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko.

Ubume: Ngaphandle "kwamasela esoka," zeziphi ezinye izilungiso kwiWAWA ezinokuphucula ukhuseleko lwabasindileyo kubundlobongela basekhaya?

Rosenthal: I-VAWA ekuqaleni yayijolise ekuphuculeni impendulo yezobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho lwasekhaya kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo ngohlaziyo olufunekayo, kubandakanya ukufumana amazwe ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko lwamaxhoba kunye noxanduva lokuphendula. Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu kwiifom zakuqala ze-VAWA, eziqhubeka zibalulekile nanamhlanje, yinkxaso-mali yempendulo yoluntu elungelelanisiweyo kubundlobongela basekhaya. Oko kuthetha ukudibanisa zonke iinkqubo eziphembelela indlela amatyala obundlobongela basekhaya ahamba ngayo kwinkqubo: ukuthotyelwa komthetho, abatshutshisi, iinkundla, imibutho elwela amaxhoba, njl.

Kodwa owayesakuba ngusekela-mongameli u-Biden, owazisa i-VAWA kwi-'90s, wayehlala esithi umthetho ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo oza kuguquka ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zoluntu. Ngokugunyaziswa kwakhona kwe-VAWA nganye-2000, 2005, 2013-kwakukho amalungiselelo amatsha. Namhlanje, i-VAWA iguqukile ukuba ibandakanye iinkqubo zotshintsho lwezindlu (ezibonelela ngezindlu zethutyana kunye nenkxaso ukunceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kokungabi namakhaya kunye nemeko yokuhlala isigxina), izindlu ezixhaswayo, kunye nokukhuselwa kocalucalulo kumaxhoba obundlobongela basekhaya. I-VAWA ngoku ibandakanya iinkqubo zokuthintela ubundlobongela basekhaya kunye nembono eyandisiweyo malunga noqeqesho olunolwazi (indlela eqonda ubukho obunokubakho kunye nendima yomothuko kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabanye) yamapolisa kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho.

Sijonge phambili, inkxaso-mali kufuneka ibe sezandleni zoluntu oluchaphazeleka kakhulu kubundlobongela basekhaya. Amabhinqa amnyama ajongene namazinga okubulawa kwamabhinqa amhlophe ngokuphindwe kabini anesiqingatha kwiimeko zobundlobongela basekhaya. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu lucalucalulo olucwangcisiweyo kubulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngenxa yolucalucalulo, izikhalazo zolwaphulo-mthetho- kubandakanya ubundlobongela basekhaya- ezenziwe ngabasetyhini ngombala zihlala zingathathelwa ngqalelo. Kwakhona, ngenxa yobundlobongela bamapolisa kwiindawo ezinemibala, abafazi abaMnyama banokoyika ukufikelela kuncedo.

Sijonge phambili, inkxaso-mali kufuneka ibe sezandleni zoluntu oluchaphazeleka kakhulu kubundlobongela basekhaya.

ULynn Rosenthal

Ngoku ukuba incoko malunga nobuhlanga obucwangcisiweyo iphambili kunye neziko e-US, singaqinisekisa njani ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lobundlobongela basekhaya lubandakanyiwe? I-VAWA ibonelela ngethuba lokwenza kanye loo nto. Sele ibandakanya amalungiselelo okulinga iinkqubo zobulungisa bembuyekezo, ezibandakanya indlela engekho sikweni yokuseka ingxoxo (ngeenkomfa nolamlo) phakathi kwamaxhoba kunye nabaxhaphazi ngenkxaso yoluntu lwexhoba (usapho, izihlobo, iinkokeli zenkolo, njl. njl.). Oko kuthetha ukuba sijonge ngaphaya kobupolisa njengeyona mpendulo kuphela kubundlobongela basekhaya kunye nohlaselo ngokwesondo ngokubandakanya amanye amacandelo kunye neenkonzo zamaxhoba kunye nokugcina ukuphendula kwaboni. Eli lithuba elinomdla kunye nento esinokuthi siqhubeke ukuyiphucula kwixa elizayo kwi-VAWA.

Ubume: Zeziphi iinguqu esinokulindela ukuzibona kubundlobongela basekhaya e-US ukuba sikhetha umongameli olwela ukukhusela abafazi?

Rosenthal: Xa uBiden wayekwiNdlu yeWhite House njengoSekela Mongameli, waba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpendulo yesizwe ekuhlaselweni ngokwesondo. Uye wasebenza neSebe lezeMfundo ekomelezeni iTayitile IX (ekhusela abafundi kucalucalulo olwenziwa ngokwesini, kubandakanya ne-Sexual Harassment). Uncede ukuphuhlisa i-It On Us, inkqubo yokwazisa uluntu ezisa incoko malunga nokuthintela ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo kumakhulu eekholeji nakwiiyunivesithi kwilizwe liphela. Ukhusele izigidi zeedola kwizibonelelo kumzamo wesizwe wokulungisa ukusilela kweekiti zokudlwengulwa ezingavavanywanga ukuze amaxhoba oxhatshazo ngokwesondo afumane ubulungisa.

Yiyo yonke into awayenzayo njengosekela mongameli. Khawufane ucinge ukuba yeyiphi enye into anokuyenza njengomongameli. Unokubeka izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomanyano kwaye enze izindululo kwiCongress malunga nenqanaba lenkxaso-mali yokuba iinkqubo zokuthintela ubundlobongela basekhaya kufuneka zijongane nenqanaba lengxaki. Unokusibuyisela umva kwizenzo eziye zawela ecaleni ezifana nokuqeqesha ababoneleli bezempilo malunga nobundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokutyala imali ekuthinteleni udlwengulo kunye nemfundo kuluntu lolutsha. Uthintelo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo apho kufuneka siye khona ngokulandelayo. Kukho iindlela ezisekwe kubungqina zokubonisa ukuba ungazitshintsha izimo zengqondo, iinkolelo, kunye nokuziphatha malunga nobundlobongela kunye nobudlelwane xa usazisa iinkqubo zokuthintela abantu abatsha kwasekuqaleni.

Xa unomongameli olwela ngamandla kwaye eyinika le micimbi ngokufanelekileyo, isibeka endleleni yokuphelisa ubundlobongela basekhaya kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo.

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