Yintoni iAcanthocyte?

Umxholo

• Malunga neeacanthocyte: Zivela phi kwaye zifumaneka phi
• Iiacanthocyte vs.chinocytes
• I-acanthocytosis ifunyaniswa njani?
• Oonobangela kunye neempawu ze-acanthocytosis
• I-acanthocytosis yelifa
• Neuroacanthocytosis
• I-Abetalipoproteinemia
• Ukufumana i-acanthocytosis
• Yise kude

Iiacanthocyte ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ezinezipikhi zobude obahlukeneyo nobubanzi obungalinganiyo obubekwe kumphezulu weseli. Igama livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "acantha" (elithetha "iliva") kunye ne "kytos" (elithetha "iseli").

Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga zinxulunyaniswa nezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa kunye nezifunyenwe. Kodwa uninzi lwabantu abadala banepesenti encinci ye-acanthocyte egazini labo.

Kule nqaku, siza kugubungela ukuba zeziphi ii-acanthocyte, zahluke njani kwii-echinocyte, kunye neemeko ezingaphantsi ezinxulumene nazo.

Malunga neeacanthocyte: Zivela phi kwaye zifumaneka phi

Ii-Acanthocyte kucingelwa ukuba zibangelwa lutshintsho lweeproteni kunye neelipids kwiindawo ezibomvu zeseli. Ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kutheni iifom ze-spikes zingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo.

Iiacanthocyte zifumaneka kubantu abanezi meko zilandelayo:

• isifo sesibindi
• izifo ezinqabileyo ze-neural, ezinje nge-chorea-acanthocytosis kunye ne-McLeod syndrome
• ukungondleki
• hypothyroidism
• i-abetalipoproteinemia (isifo esinqabileyo semfuza esibandakanya ukungakwazi ukufumana amafutha athile)
• emva kokususwa kwepleen (splenectomy)
• ianorexia amanosa

Amanye amayeza, anjengee-statins okanye i-misoprostol (Cytotec), ayanyaniswa nee-acanthocyte.

Iiacanthocyte zikwafumaneka kumchamo wabantu abanesifo seswekile abane glomerulonephritis, uhlobo lwesifo sezintso.

Ngenxa yobume babo, kucingelwa ukuba ii-acanthocyte zinokubanjiswa zize zitshabalalise udakada, okukhokelela kwi-hemolytic anemia.

Nanku umzekeliso wama-acanthocyte amahlanu phakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziqhelekileyo.

Imifanekiso kaGetty

Iiacanthocyte vs.chinocytes

Iacanthocyte ifana nenye iseli ebomvu ebomvu engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yi-echinocyte. Ii-Echinocytes nazo zine-spikes kumphezulu weseli, nangona zincinci, zimile rhoqo, kwaye zibekwa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwiseli.

Igama echinocyte livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi "echinos" (elithetha "urchin") kunye ne "kytos" (elithetha "iseli").

I-Echinocytes, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-burr, zinxulunyaniswa nesifo sezintso, isifo sesibindi, kunye nokusilela kwe-enzyme pyruvate kinase.

I-acanthocytosis ifunyaniswa njani?

I-Acanthocytosis ibhekisa kubukho obungaqhelekanga be-acanthocyte egazini. Ezi iiseli zegazi zibomvu zibonakala ngokungafaniyo kwigazi le-smear yegazi.

Oku kubandakanya ukubeka isampulu yegazi lakho kwisilayidi seglasi, ulonakalise, kwaye ulijonge phantsi kwemicroscope. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isampulu yegazi elitsha; Ngaphandle koko, ii-acanthocyte kunye nee-echinocytes ziya kujongeka ngokufanayo.

Ukuchonga nasiphi na imeko esisiseko esinxulunyaniswa ne-acanthocytosis, ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango epheleleyo kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho. Baza kuphinda babuze malunga neemeko ezinokubakho njengelifa kwaye benze uvavanyo lomzimba.

Ukongeza kwi-smear yegazi, ugqirha uya kuyala inani elipheleleyo legazi kunye nolunye uvavanyo. Ukuba barhanela ukubandakanyeka kwe-neural, banoku-odola ukuskena kwengqondo kwi-MRI.

Oonobangela kunye neempawu ze-acanthocytosis

Ezinye iintlobo ze-acanthocytosis zizuzwa njengelifa, ngelixa ezinye zifunyenwe.

I-acanthocytosis yelifa

Ifa le-acanthocytosis libangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuza ethile efunyanwa njengelifa. Imfuza inokuba lilifa lomzali omnye okanye bobabini abazali.

Nazi iimeko ezithile ezizuzwe njengelifa:

Neuroacanthocytosis

I-Neuroacanthocytosis ibhekisa kwi-acanthocytosis enxulunyaniswa neengxaki zemithambo-luvo. Ezi zinqabile kakhulu, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho imeko enye ukuya kwesihlanu kubemi abayi-1 000 000.

Ezi ziimeko eziqhubeka zisiba mandundu, kubandakanya:

• Chorea-acanthocytosis. Oku kuhlala kubonakala kwi-20s yakho.
• Isifo seMcLeod. Oku kunokuvela kwiminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-60.
• Isifo esinjenge-Huntington esifana ne-2 (HDL2). Oku kuhlala kubonakala ebudaleni.
• I-Pantothenate kinase-enxulumene ne-neurodegeneration (PKAN). Oku kubonakala ngokubanzi kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-10 kwaye kuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo kuyahluka ngokwabantu. Ngokubanzi, iimpawu zibandakanya:

• iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga zokuzibandakanya
• ukwehla kwengqondo
• ukuxhuzula
• dystonia

Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu zengqondo.

Alukabikho unyango lwe-neuroacanthocytosis. Kodwa iimpawu zinokunyangwa. Uvavanyo lwezonyango kunye nemibutho yenkxaso ye-neuroacanthocytosis iyafumaneka.

I-Abetalipoproteinemia

I-Abetalipoproteinemia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome, iziphumo zokuzuza njengelinye uguquko kubazali bobabini. Kubandakanya ukungakwazi ukufumana amanqatha okutya, icholesterol, kunye neevithamini ezinyibilika ngamanqatha, ezinjengevithamini E.

I-Abetalipoproteinemia ihlala isenzeka ebusaneni, kwaye inokunyangwa ngeevithamini kunye nezinye izongezo.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukusilela ukukhula njengentsana
• ubunzima be-neurological, njengokulawulwa kakubi kwemisipha
• ukukhula kancinci kwengqondo
• iingxaki zokugaya ukutya, ezinjengorhudo kunye nezihlalo ezinukayo
• iingxaki zamehlo eziqhubeka zisiba mbi

Ukufumana i-acanthocytosis

Uninzi lweemeko zeklinikhi zinxulunyaniswa ne-acanthocytosis. Inkqubo ebandakanyekayo ayisoloko iqondwa. Nazi ezinye zeemeko:

• Isifo esibi sesibindi. I-Acanthocytosis icingelwa ukuba ibangelwe kukungalingani kwecholesterol kunye nephospholipid kwiimbumba zeseli zegazi. Ingatshintshwa ngokufakelwa kwesibindi.
• Ukususwa kwepeni. I-Splenectomy ihlala inxulunyaniswa ne-acanthocytosis.
• Anorexia amanosa. I-Acanthocytosis ivela kwabanye abantu abane-anorexia. Inokubuyiselwa umva kunyango lweanorexia.
• IHypothyroidism. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-20 zabantu abane-hypothyroidism bahlakulela i-acanthocytosis. I-Acanthocytosis ikwanxulunyaniswa ne-hypothyroidism (myxedema) ephezulu kakhulu.
• UMyelodysplasia. Abanye abantu abanolu hlobo lomhlaza wegazi bahlakulela i-acanthocytosis.
• I-Spherocytosis. Abanye abantu abanesi sifo segazi abanalo ilifa banokuhlakulela i-acanthocytosis.

Ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zibandakanye i-acanthocytosis yi-cystic fibrosis, isifo se-celiac, kunye nokungondleki okuqatha.

Yise kude

Ii-Acanthocyte ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ezinee-spikes ezingaqhelekanga kumphezulu weseli. Banxulunyaniswa neemeko ezinqabileyo zokufumana ilifa kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenweyo.

Ugqirha unokwenza uxilongo ngokusekwe kwiimpawu kunye nakwipheripheral yegazi smear. Ezinye iintlobo ze-acanthocytosis ezuzwe njengelifa ziqhubela phambili kwaye azinakuphiliswa. I-acanthocytosis efumanekayo iyanyangeka xa imeko yonyango inyangwa.