Yintoni ekufuneka Ayazi Amabhinqa Aselula Ngokusebenzisa Utywala

Umxholo

• Zithini izibalo
• Yintoni ebangela ukunyuka
• Iimpawu zoTywala
• Uphengululo lwe

Ukusuka kwindibano ye-brunch ukuya kwimihla yokuqala ukuya kumatheko eeholide, alinakuphikiswa ukuba utywala budlala indima engundoqo kubomi bethu bezentlalo. Kwaye nangona abaninzi bethu bezazi iinzuzo zempilo zokusela ngaphantsi (u-Ed Sheeran walahlekelwa yi-50 pounds nje ngokusika ibhiya), abaninzi abantu bayathandabuza ukuyeka ukusela ixesha elingaphezu kwenyanga (jonga 'kuwe Januwari owomileyo!).

Kodwa iziphumo zotywala kakhulu zihamba ngaphaya kokupakisha iipawundi ezongezelelekileyo: Inani labantu abancinci (abaneminyaka engama-25 ukuya kuma-34) ababulawa sisifo sesibindi kunye nokuqina kwesibindi kuyanda ngokukhawuleza, ngokophando olutsha olupapashwe kwi BMJ-kwaye i-alcohol cirrhosis ngumqhubi oyintloko emva kolu lwando olubulalayo. Lo mkhwa uhambelana nenyaniso yokuba ukusela utywala kuyanda kwaye kukhula ngokukhawuleza kumanina, ngakumbi kumanina aselula.

Ukuba ezi ziindaba kuwe, silapha ukuze siphendule imibuzo ebalulekileyo, efana nokuba ngubani kanye kanye osemngciphekweni, yintoni ebangela utshintsho, kwaye zeziphi izimilo ezinxulumene notywala ekufuneka uzilumkele.

Zithini izibalo

Uphononongo lwamva nje lupapashwe IJAMA yengqondo ujonge ukusetyenziswa kotywala eMelika ukusukela ngo-2001 ukuya ku-2002 ukusukela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2013, wafumanisa ukuba umntu omdala omnye kwabasibhozo e-US uyahlangabezana neendlela zokusebenzisa utywala, aka alcohol. Uphononongo lujonge abantu ababonise iimpawu zokusebenzisa kakubi utywala okanye ukuxhomekeka kotywala, zombini ezi negalelo ekuhlangabezaneni neendlela zokuxilonga ukusela utywala. (Ukuba unomdla wokwazi ukuba yintoni efanelekileyo njengokusebenzisa gwenxa utywala okanye ukuxhomekeka, ungafumana zonke iinkcukacha ngeZiko lezeMpilo leSizwe.)

Kuyamangalisa ngokwakho, kodwa nantsi eyothusayo yokwenene: Phakathi kwabantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, omnye kwabane uhlangabezana neenqobo zokugweba. Inombolo leyo iyamangalisa. Elinye lamaqela abone ukonyuka okukhulu kokusetyenziswa phakathi kuka-2001 no-2013? Abasetyhini. Kwaye ayizozibalo kuphela ezibalisa eli bali. Ababoneleli ngonyango babona ukonyuka kwabaguli ababhinqileyo, ngakumbi -kodwa abancinci. "Ndikubonile ukunyuka okuzinzileyo," utshilo uCharlynn Ruan, Ph.D., ugqirha wezengqondo osekele eLos Angeles kunye nomsunguli weTrive Psychology LA. "Ndisebenza ikakhulu nabasetyhini, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngumba omkhulu kuminyaka yam yasekholejini kunye nabathengi bamakhondo okuqala."

Umkhwa uhlala kude ngaphaya kwekholeji, nangona kunjalo. "Amanqaku ophando amva nje abhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kotywala kwiqela labantu abadala abancinci, ukusuka malunga nama-25 ukuya kuma-34," utshilo uJoseph Galati, MD, ugqirha we-hepatologist oseHouston ogxile ekunyamekeleni abaguli abanesifo sesibindi. "Abanye bayibophele ekuwohlokeni kwezoqoqosho kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, ngelixa abanye benokwalatha imeko ephucukileyo yoqoqosho kunye nengeniso enokuchithwa ukuzonwabisa nokuzinkcinkca ngotywala. Kwindlela yam, ndibone ukonyuka kotywala ngeempelaveki, Uninzi lolutsha aluziqondi ngokwenene iingozi ezingokwemvelo zokusela utywala, ukuzinkcinkca ngotywala, kunye nomahluko kwityhefu yesibindi phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi.

Kuyinyani: Utywala buchaphazela imizimba yabasetyhini ngokwahlukileyo kweyamadoda, ngokweZiko leSizwe malunga nokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala kunye notywala. Abasetyhini banxila ngokukhawuleza kwaye benze utywala ngokwahlukileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusela kakhulu (oko kuthetha ukuba iziselo ezisibhozo okanye ngaphezulu ngeveki, ngokweCDC) kunokonyusa umngcipheko wezifo ezithile, ngakumbi umhlaza webele kunye nesifo sobuchopho.

Nangona ingengabo bonke abantu abasebenzisa utywala ngokuzintyintya ngotywala, uphando lubonisa ukuba abasetyhini abakwiminyaka yasekholejini banokudlula izikhokelo zokusela ezicetyiswayo kunamadoda asekholejini. Kwaye i-FYI, ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo "njengotywala," umntu kufuneka ahlangabezane neendlela zokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala okanye ukuxhomekeka kotywala-oku kuthetha ukuba bafumana iziphumo ezibi zobomi ngenxa yokusela kwabo okanye banqwenela utywala rhoqo. Kwaye ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba amadoda asengozini kunabasetyhini ukuba babe ziziselo ezinxilisayo (izibalo ezikhoyo zibonisa ukuba iipesenti ezi-4,5 zamadoda e-US zifanelekile ukuba butywala ngelixa iipesenti ezi-2 zabasetyhini zisenza, nangona omabini la manani sele ekhulile ukususela kolu phando kwenziwa), kukho ulwazi olusezantsi malunga nemiba enzima abasetyhini abajongana nayo malunga notywala, iingcali zithi. "Kuphawu lokuqala lwengxaki abafazi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwabasetyhini kuthanda ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kokuqala ukuya kumlutha kunamadoda," utshilo uPatricia O'Gorman, Ph.D., isazi ngengqondo kunye nombhali.

Yintoni ebangela ukunyuka

Rhoqo, abasetyhini bafunda indlela yokuziphatha enxulumene notywala kwikholeji- okanye nakwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kwaba njalo kuEmily, oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala owathi wanxila eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Uthi: “Ndaqala ukusela utywala ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali bam xa ndandineminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Iqale njengonqabileyo, emva koko yaphuhliswa yaba yinto yokusela ngakumbi nokuziphatha ngokungakhathali-ngeminyaka yakhe yobutsha kunye neminyaka ephezulu kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. "Oku kwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu kwaze kwaba kanye emva komhla wam wokuzalwa we-21. Ndandingomnye wabo banxila abangazange bathathe ixesha lokuyivumela ukuba ibonakale kwi-addiction ngokupheleleyo-ihamba ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-90 ngaphantsi komzuzu."

Iingcali zithi amava kaEmily aqhelekanga, kwaye ngokuyinxenye siyabulela kwimifanekiso yabantu abancinci abatyhilekileyo kuyo. “Siphila kwibutho labantu apho utywala bubhengezwa kakhulu njenge-elixir yentlalontle ukukunceda ungene kwiimeko ezintsha, uphumle, kwaye ube nexesha elimnandi,” utshilo u-O'Gorman. Ngemifanekiso emininzi yotywala kunye "nezibonelelo" zayo, kulula ukuyiqonda indlela abantu abancinci abakhulisa ngayo ubudlelwane obuhle nezinto ezinjalo. Jonga nje iakhawunti yomgunyathi ye-Instagram eyenzelwe ukwazisa abantu malunga nokusela utywala, ethe yafumana abalandeli abangama-68,000 kwiinyanga nje ezimbini. I-arhente yentengiso ihlanganisa iakhawunti, ebonakalisa intombazana entle epholileyo enotywala obungenakubonwa obubonakalayo kuyo yonke iposi, kubathengi babo bokubuyisela iziyobisi, kwaye babonakalise ngokulula inqaku labo lokuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngabantu abancinci kuhlala kuhamba ayibonwa, kodwa abantu bayathanda ukubona imifanekiso ehonjisiweyo yotywala.

Ngokuphathelele isizathu sokuba abafazi abaninzi besela kunanini na ngaphambili, iingcali zithi kukho oothunywashe abaliqela abadlalayo. “Enye yeyokuba oko kulindelwe luluntu kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko zitshintshile,” utsho uJennifer Wider, uM.D., ingcali yezempilo yabasetyhini. Uphononongo lwamva nje IJAMA yengqondo Ucacisile ukuba njengokuba uninzi lwabasetyhini lungena emsebenzini ngenxa yokonyuka kokukhetha emsebenzini nakwimfundo, inqanaba labo lokusela utywala linokunyuka ngokunjalo. njengabafazi kunye namadoda afumana amanqanaba afanayo oxinzelelo olunxulumene nomsebenzi, okanye umnqweno "wokuqhubeka" nokusela ekuhlaleni eofisini.

Okokugqibela, kukho inyani yokuba umncinci Abasetyhini ingakumbi abaziwa ngokubanzi ukuba "basemngciphekweni" wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuyibona. "Ndinqwenela ukuba abantu bazi ukuba ubudala abuyonto ekumiseleni ukuba unganxila okanye hayi," utsho uEmily. "Ndazixelele iminyaka ukuba ndimncinci kakhulu ukuba ndibe linxila kwaye ndandizonwabisa njengabo bonke abanye abantwana besikolo esiphakamileyo, umntwana wekholeji, (ugcwalisa indawo engenanto)." Ukusuka kumakhoboka akhoyo ngoku ukuya kwabo bachachayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba abantu bazo zonke izini nakumaqela onke eminyaka basemngciphekweni. "Iintlanganiso zenyathelo ezili-12 ezigcwele ngokupheleleyo ngamadoda aselekhulile ikwangumbono nje lowo."

Iimpawu zoTywala

Utywala abuhlali bubonakala, ngakumbi kubantu ngokubanzi abanobomi babo "kunye." "Umntu angangabinangqondo iveki yonke, emva koko asele utywala ngokugqithisileyo kwimpelaveki," utshilo uRuan. "Kwelinye icala le-spectrum, umntu wasetyhini unokufumana i-buzzed ubusuku bonke, kodwa angaze azinkcenkceshe. Umahluko ophambili yindlela ukusela kwakhe okuchaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwakhe, ubudlelwane kunye nempilo." Ukuba nayiphi na kwezi ndawo iyabandezeleka kwaye iinzame zokunciphisa ukusela akasebenzi, kusenokubakho umba ekufuneka usonjululwe.

"Khange ndisele yonke imihla," utshilo uKaty, oneminyaka engama-32 ubudala kwaye engonwabanga kangangeminyaka emine. "Bendihlala ndizinkcinkca ngotywala. Bendihamba iintsuku okanye iiveki ngaphandle, kodwa xa bendidla, ukulawula isixa endisidlileyo bekungenakwenzeka. Andizange ndikwazi ukuyeka ukusela xa ndiqalile, ngakumbi kwimeko yepati," uthi. Oku kuqhelekile ngokwenene, ngokuka-O'Gorman, kwaye kwabaninzi, kwenza ukuqaphela umba kube nzima. "Ukuba likhoboka kunento yokwenza nefuthe leziyobisi kuwe, ngakumbi kunokuthi ulisebenzisa kangaphi, kwaye oku kuthetha kwibhayoloji yokuxhatshazwa kunye nokuba likhoboka," uyacacisa. "Ukuba usela kanye kuphela ngonyaka kodwa awukwazi ukulawula ukuba usela kangakanani kwaye awukwazi ukukhumbula into oyenzileyo, ngoko unengxaki."

Ke kuya kufuneka wenze ntoni ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokusela kwakho? "Thetha nogqirha wakho ophambili okanye ugqirha wengqondo okanye umcebisi," ucebisa uThomas Franklin, MD, umlawuli wezonyango eThe Retreat eSheppard Pratt. "Amaxesha amaninzi nje iiseshoni ezimbalwa zokucebisa ziya kunceda kakhulu. Kwiingxaki ezinzulu zokusetyenziswa kotywala, maninzi amanqanaba okhathalelo afumanekayo kwizigulana ezingalaliswayo ngenxa yonyango lokuhlala ixesha elide oluneziphumo ezilungileyo kwabo banokuthatha nzulu. AA) iintlanganiso zisebenza kubantu abaninzi, nabo. " Ngapha koko, nabantu abaninzi eluntwini bevula malunga nokuzithemba kwabo okanye ukuzabalaza kwabo ukuhlala bengazinzanga (uDemi Lovato phakathi kwabo) kunye nophando olwenziwayo malunga nokuxhaphaka kotywala kwaye yintoni ebangela oko, ikamva lingaphezulu kwethemba.

Uphengululo lwe