Ukutsha

Ukutshisa kudla ngokwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo nobushushu, amandla ombane, imitha, okanye iiarhente zemichiza. Ukutshisa kungakhokelela ekufeni kweseli, okunokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kwaye kunokubulala.

Kukho amanqanaba amathathu okutsha:

• Ukutsha kweqondo lokuqala kuchaphazela kuphela umaleko ongaphandle kwesikhumba. Zibangela iintlungu, ukuba bomvu kunye nokudumba.
• Ukutsha kwenqanaba lesibini kuchaphazela ungqimba lwangaphandle nolwangaphantsi kwesikhumba. Zibangela iintlungu, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba nokudumba. Kukwabizwa ngokuba kukutsha kwesinyithi.
• Ukutsha kweqondo lesithathu kuchaphazela ubunzulu bolusu. Ikwabizwa ngokuba kukutsha ngokupheleleyo. Zibangela isikhumba esimhlophe okanye esimnyama, esitshisiweyo. Ulusu lunokuba ndindisholo.

Ukutsha kwehlela kumaqela amabini.

Ukutsha okuncinci yile:

• Isidanga sokuqala sitshisa naphina emzimbeni
• Idigri yesibini itshisa ngaphantsi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-intshi ezintathu (5 ukuya kwi-7.5 iisentimitha) ububanzi

Ukutsha okukhulu kubandakanya:

• Ukutsha kwinqanaba lesithathu
• Iqondo lesibini liyatshisa ngaphezulu kwe-2 ukuya kwi-intshi ezintathu (5 ukuya kwi-7.5 iisentimitha) ububanzi
• Ukutsha kwesibini kwinqanaba, iinyawo, ubuso, ubuso, i-groin, iimpundu, okanye ngaphezulu kwelungu elikhulu

Unokuba nohlobo olunye lokutsha ngexesha.

Ukutsha okukhulu kufuna ukhathalelo lonyango olungxamisekileyo. Oku kunokunceda ukunqanda ukunqanqatheka, ukukhubazeka, kunye nokukhubazeka.

Ukutsha ebusweni, izandla, iinyawo, kunye nezitho zangasese kunokuba kubi kakhulu.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-4 kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banethuba eliphezulu lokuxakeka kunye nokufa ngenxa yokutsha kakhulu kuba ulusu lwabo luthanda ukubhitya kunamanye amaqela eminyaka.

Oonobangela bokutsha ukusuka kwezona zininzi ukuya kwezincinci ziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Umlilo / ilangatye
• Isikali esivela kumphunga okanye kulwelo olushushu
• Ukuchukumisa izinto ezishushu
• Ukutsha kombane
• Ukutsha kwemichiza

Ukutshisa kunokuba sisiphumo sayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Indlu kunye nemizi mveliso
• Iingozi zeemoto
• Ukudlala ngematshisi
• Isifudumezi sendawo, iifanitshala, okanye izixhobo zeshishini
• Ukusetyenziswa ngokungakhuselekanga kweziqhushumbisi kunye nezinye izinto ezenziweyo
• Iingozi zasekhitshini, ezinje ngomntwana othatha isinyithi esishushu okanye ukubamba isitovu okanye i-oveni

Ungazitshisa iindlela zakho zomoya ukuba uphefumla umsi, umphunga, umoya oshushu kakhulu, okanye umsi wemichiza kwiindawo ezingenamoya ungako.

Iimpawu zokutsha zinokubandakanya:

• Amadyungudyungu angadibaniyo (angaqhekeki) okanye athe aqhekeka kwaye avuza amanzi.
• Intlungu -Yintoni intlungu onayo engahambelaniyo nenqanaba lokutsha. Ukutshisa okukhulu kunokuba kungenabuhlungu.
• Ukukhupha ulusu.
• Umothuko-Jonga ulusu olumhlophe kunye nolukhanyayo, ubuthathaka, imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho, kunye nokwehla kokuphaphama.
• Ukudumba.
• Olubomvu, omhlophe, okanye ulusu olutshisiweyo.

Unokuba nokutshiswa kwomoya xa unayo:

• Ukutsha entloko, ebusweni, entanyeni, kumashiya, okanye ezimpumlweni
• Ukutsha kwemilebe nomlomo
• Ukukhohlela
• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Iifinyisi ezimnyama ezimnyama
• Ilizwi liyatshintsha
• Ukukhawuleza

Phambi kokuba unike uncedo lokuqala, kubalulekile ukumisela ukuba luhlobo luni lomntu otshisayo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, yiphathe njengokutshisa okukhulu. Ukutsha kakhulu kufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza. Tsalela umnxeba kwindawo yakho yongxamiseko okanye 911.

UKUTSHISWA KWEZINCINCI

Ukuba ulusu aluphuki:

• Sebenzisa amanzi apholileyo kwindawo otshisa kuyo okanye uwufake kwindawo yokuhlambela epholileyo (hayi amanzi e-ice). Gcina indawo ephantsi kwamanzi ubuncinci imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwengama-30. Itawuli ecocekileyo, ebandayo, emanzi iya kunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu.
• Zolile uze umqinisekise loo mntu.
• Emva kokugungxula okanye ukufunxa ukutsha, wugqume ngebhandeji eyomileyo, engenazintsholongwane okanye into yokunxiba ecocekileyo.
• Khusela ukutshiswa koxinzelelo kunye nokuxubana.
• I-counter-counter-ibuprofen okanye i-acetaminophen inokunceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu kunye nokudumba. UNGABANIKI i-aspirin abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-12.
• Nje ukuba ulusu lupholile, ukuthambisa amafutha ane-aloe kunye ne-antibiotic nako kunokunceda.

Ukutsha okuncinci kuya kuhlala kunyanga ngaphandle kolunye unyango. Qinisekisa ukuba umntu usexesheni ngogonyo lwabo lwe-tetanus.

UKUTSHISWA KAKHULU

Ukuba kukho umntu ovuthayo, xelela loo mntu ukuba ayeke, awe aze aziqengqe. Emva koko, landela la manyathelo:

• Msongele umntu ngento eqinileyo; ezifana noboya okanye idyasi yomqhaphu, irabha, okanye ingubo. Oku kunceda ukucima amadangatye.
• Galela amanzi emntwini.
• Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.
• Qiniseka ukuba umntu akasachukumisi zixhobo zokutsha okanye zokutshaya.
• SUKUYISUSE impahla etshisiweyo encamathele eluswini.
• Qiniseka ukuba umntu uyaphefumla. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, qala ngokuhlangula ukuphefumla kunye neCPR.
• Gquma indawo etshisiweyo ngebhanti eyomileyo engenazintsholongwane (ukuba ikhona) okanye ilaphu elicocekileyo. Ishidi liya kwenza ukuba indawo etshisiweyo inkulu. MUSA ukusebenzisa naziphi na izinto zokuthambisa. Gwema ukophula amadangatye.
• Ukuba kutshiswe iminwe okanye iinzwane, zahlule ngeebhandeji ezomileyo, ezingenazintsholongwane, ezingenantsimbi.
• Phakamisa ilungu lomzimba elitshisiweyo ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lentliziyo.
• Khusela indawo etshiswayo koxinzelelo kunye nokuxubana.
• Ukuba ukwenzakala ngombane kusenokubangela ukutsha, UNGALIBAMBI ngokuthe ngqo ixhoba. Sebenzisa into engeyiyo yesinyithi ukwahlula umntu kude neengcingo eziveziweyo ngaphambi kokuqala koncedo lokuqala.

Kuya kufuneka uthintele umothuko. Ukuba umntu akanantloko, intamo, umqolo, okanye ukwenzakala emlenzeni, landela la manyathelo:

• Beka umntu ethe tyaba
• Phakamisa iinyawo malunga nee-intshi ezili-12 (iisentimitha ezingama-30)
• Gquma umntu ngengubo okanye ngengubo

Qhubeka ujonge ukubetha komntu, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kude kufike uncedo lwezonyango.

Izinto ezingafanelekanga ukuba zenziwe ngokutshiswa zibandakanya:

• Sukuyisebenzisa ioyile, ibhotolo, umkhenkce, amayeza, cream, isitshizi seoyile, okanye naliphi na iyeza lasekhaya elitshisayo kakhulu.
• MUSA ukuphefumla, uvuthe okanye ukhohlele xa utshile.
• Sukuphazamisa ulusu olunamadyungudyungu okanye olufileyo.
• MUSA ukususa iimpahla ezinamathele eluswini.
• Musa ukumnika nantoni na umntu ngomlomo ukuba kukho into etshisayo.
• SUKUTSHISA ngamandla emanzini abandayo. Oku kunokubangela ukothuka.
• MUSA ukubeka umqamelo phantsi kwentloko yomntu ukuba kukho indlela yokutsha yomoya. Oku kunokuvala iindlela zomoya.

Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba:

• Ukutsha kukhulu kakhulu, malunga nobukhulu besandla sakho okanye enkulu.
• Ukutshisa kunzima (isidanga sesithathu).
• Awuqinisekanga ukuba nzulu kangakanani.
• Ukutsha kubangelwa yimichiza okanye umbane.
• Umntu ubonakalisa iimpawu zokothuka.
• Umntu waphefumla umsi.
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni ngoyena nobangela wokurhanelwa.
• Kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokutsha.

Ngokutshiswa okuncinci, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo ukuba usenentlungu emva kweeyure ezingama-48.

Shayela umniki-nkonzo kwangoko ukuba iimpawu zosulelo ziyavela. Le miqondiso ibandakanya:

• Ukufunxa okanye ubofu kulusu olutshisiweyo
• Ifiva
• Ukwanda kwentlungu
• Imigca ebomvu isasazeka kukutsha
• I-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo

Fowunela umnikezeli kwangoko ukuba iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zenzeka ngokutsha:

• Ukunciphisa ukuchama
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ulusu olomileyo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubumhlophe
• Isihlunu (kunye okanye ngaphandle kokuhlanza)
• Unxaniwe

Abantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nabaninawo amajoni omzimba abuthathaka (umzekelo, kwi-HIV) kufuneka babonwe ngoko nangoko.

Umboneleli uya kwenza imbali kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo ziya kwenziwa njengoko kufuneka.

Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Indlela yomoya kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya imaski yobuso, ityhubhu emlonyeni ukuya kwi-trachea, okanye umatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator) yokutsha kakhulu okanye ezo zibandakanya ubuso okanye umoya
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukuba umothuko okanye ezinye iingxaki zikhona
• I-x-ray yesifuba ebusweni okanye kwi-airway iyatshisa
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo), ukuba umothuko okanye ezinye iingxaki zikhona
• Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (ulwelo ngomthambo), ukuba umothuko okanye ezinye iingxaki zikhona
• Amayeza okuphelisa iintlungu nokuthintela usulelo
• Amafutha okanye iikhrimu ezifakwe kwiindawo ezitshisiweyo
• Ugonyo lweTetanus, ukuba alukho ngoku

Iziphumo ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo (isidanga), ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yokutsha. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni amalungu angaphakathi achaphazelekile, kwaye ukuba kukho olunye uxinzelelo olwenzekileyo. Ukutshisa kungashiya amanxeba asisigxina. Banokuba novakalelo ngakumbi kubushushu kunye nokukhanya kunesikhumba esiqhelekileyo. Iindawo ezibuthathaka, ezinje ngamehlo, impumlo, okanye iindlebe, zinokwenzakala kakhulu kwaye ziphulukene nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo.

Ngokutshiswa kwomoya, umntu lowo unokuba namandla okuphefumla kancinci kunye nomonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga. Ukutshiswa okunamandla okuchaphazela amalungu kunokubangela isivumelwano, kushiye ukudibana kunye nokwehla kwentshukumo kunye nokwehla komsebenzi.

Ukunceda ukuthintela ukutsha:

• Faka iialamu zomsi ekhayeni lakho. Jonga kwaye utshintshe iibhetri rhoqo.
• Fundisa abantwana ngokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nengozi yematshisi kunye nezomlilo.
• Gcina abantwana banganyuki phezu kwesitovu okanye bathathe izinto ezishushu ezifana neentsimbi neengcango ze-oveni.
• Jika izibambo zembiza ngasemva kwesitovu ukwenzela ukuba abantwana bangabinako ukusibamba kwaye bangangqubeki ngempazamo.
• Beka izicima-mlilo kwiindawo eziphambili ekhaya, emsebenzini nasesikolweni.
• Susa iintambo zombane kumgangatho uze uzigcine zingafikeleleki.
• Yazi malunga nokuziqhelanisa neendlela zokubaleka ekhaya, emsebenzini, nasesikolweni.
• Beka iqondo lokufudumeza amanzi kwi-120 ° F (48.8 ° C) okanye ngaphantsi.

Ukutsha kwinqanaba lokuqala; Ukutsha kwinqanaba lesibini; Ukutsha kwinqanaba lesithathu

• Ukutsha
• Ukutsha, iblister-close-up
• Ukutshisa, i-thermal-close-up
• Ukutshiswa kwomoya
• Ulusu
• Idigri yokuqala yokutsha
• Ukutsha kwesibini
• Ukutsha kwinqanaba lesithathu
• Ukutshiswa okuncinci - uncedo lokuqala - uthotho

IChristiani DC. Ukwenzakala komzimba kunye nemichiza emiphungeni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 94.

Imvumi AJ, Lee CC. Ukutshisa kobushushu. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 56.

I-CD yeVoigt, uCelis M, uVoigt DW. Ukunyamekela ukutshiswa kwezigulane ezingalaliswayo. Ku: Herndon DN, ed. UkuKhathalela ukuTshisa. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 6.