Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) sisifo semiphunga esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba neCOPD kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.

Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zeCOPD:

• I-bronchitis engapheliyo, ebandakanya ukukhwehlela ixesha elide kunye ne-mucus
• I-Emphysema, ebandakanya ukonakala kwemiphunga ngokuhamba kwexesha

Uninzi lwabantu abaneCOPD ludibaniso lweemeko zombini.

Ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela weCOPD. Okukhona umntu etshaya, kokukhona umntu eza kuphuhlisa i-COPD. Kodwa abanye abantu batshaya iminyaka kwaye abaze bafumane iCOPD.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abantu abangatshayiyo abangenayo iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-1 antitrypsin banokuphuhlisa i-emphysema.

Eminye imingcipheko yeCOPD yile:

• Ukubonakaliswa kwiigesi ezithile okanye umsi kwindawo yokusebenzela
• Ukubonakaliswa kubungakanani obunzima bomsi osetyenzisiweyo kunye nongcoliseko
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo komlilo wokupheka ngaphandle komoya ofanelekileyo

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Khohlela, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwencindi
• Ukudinwa
• Izifo ezininzi zokuphefumula
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane (i-dyspnea) eya isiba mandundu ngomsebenzi omnene
• Ingxaki yokubamba umphefumlo
• Ukukhawuleza

Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zikhula kancinci, abantu abaninzi abanokwazi ukuba bane-COPD.

Uvavanyo oluhle kakhulu lweCOPD luvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga obizwa ngokuba yi-spirometry. Oku kubandakanya ukuphuma ngamandla njengoko kunokwenzeka kumatshini omncinci ovavanya amandla emiphunga. Iziphumo zingajongwa kwangoko.

Sebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela imiphunga nako kunokuba luncedo, kubonise ixesha lokuphefumla ixesha elide okanye ukuvutha. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, imiphunga ivakala njengesiqhelo, nokuba umntu une-COPD.

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo zemiphunga, ezinje nge-x-reyi kunye ne-CT scan kunokuyalelwa. Nge-x-ray, imiphunga inokubonakala iqhelekile, nokuba umntu une-COPD. Ukuskena kwe-CT kuhlala kubonisa iimpawu zeCOPD.

Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yiarterial blood gas lunokwenziwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini kunye necarbon dioxide egazini.

Ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukrokrela ukuba une-alpha-1 antitrypsin defence, uvavanyo lwegazi luya kuyalelwa ukuba lubone le meko.

Akukho lunyango lweCOPD. Kodwa zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokugcina isifo ukuba singabi sibi.

Ukuba uyatshaya, ngoku lixesha lokuba uyeke. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa ukonakala kwemiphunga.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-COPD abandakanya:

• Iziyobisi zoncedo olukhawulezileyo ezinceda ekuvuleni iindlela zomoya
• Lawula iziyobisi ukunciphisa ukudumba kwemiphunga
• Amachiza anti-ukudumba ukunciphisa ukudumba kwiindlela zomoya
• Ezinye i-antibiotics zexesha elide

Kwiimeko ezinzima okanye ngexesha lokuqhuma, unokufuna ukufumana:

• I-Steroids ngomlomo okanye ngemithambo (ngaphakathi)
• Iibronchodilators ngokusebenzisa i-nebulizer
• Unyango lweoksijini
• Uncedo oluvela kumatshini ukunceda ukuphefumla ngokusebenzisa imaski okanye ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu endotracheal

Umboneleli wakho unokumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngexesha lokuqaqanjelwa ziimpawu, kuba usulelo lungenza iCOPD ibe mandundu.

Unokufuna unyango lweoksijini ekhaya ukuba unenqanaba eliphantsi leoksijini egazini lakho.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Pulmonary ayinyangi i-COPD. Kodwa ingakufundisa ngakumbi ngesi sifo, ikuqeqeshele ukuphefumla ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukuze uhlale ukhuthele kwaye uzive ungcono, kwaye ikugcine usebenza kwelona nqanaba liphezulu.

UKUPHILA NE-COPD

Unokwenza izinto yonke imihla ukugcina i-COPD ingabi mbi, khusela imiphunga yakho, kwaye uhlale usempilweni.

Hamba ukwakha amandla:

• Buza umboneleli okanye ugqirha ukuba uhambe kangakanani.
• Yandisa kancinci indlela ohamba ngayo.
• Kunqande ukuthetha xa uphefumla kancinci xa uhamba.
• Sebenzisa ukuphefumla komlomo okulandelayo xa uphefumlela ngaphandle, ukukhupha imiphunga yakho ngaphambi kokuphefumla okulandelayo.

Izinto onokuzenza ukwenza kube lula kuwe ekhayeni zibandakanya:

• Gwema umoya obanda kakhulu okanye imozulu eshushu kakhulu
• Qiniseka ukuba akukho mntu utshayayo ekhayeni lakho
• Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya ngokungasebenzisi eziko kunye nokulahla ezinye izinto ezicaphukisayo
• Lawula uxinzelelo kunye nemood yakho
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ukuba umiselwe yona

Yitya ukutya okusempilweni, kubandakanya iintlanzi, iinkuku, inyama engenamafutha, kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ukuba kunzima ukugcina ubunzima bakho, xela umboneleli okanye isondlo malunga nokutya ukutya kunye neekhalori ezininzi.

Ugqirha okanye olunye ungenelelo lunokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-COPD. Bambalwa kuphela abantu abaxhamlayo kolu nyango:

• Iindonga zendlela enye zinokufakwa nge-bronchoscopy ukunceda ukucoca iinxalenye zemiphunga ezi-hyperinflated (ezigqithisileyo) kwizigulana ezikhethiweyo.
• Utyando lokususa iinxalenye zomphunga onesifo, ezinokunceda iindawo ezingaguli kangako zisebenze ngcono kwabanye abantu abane-emphysema.
• Ukufakelwa kwemiphunga kwinani elincinci lamatyala amabi kakhulu.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso.Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

I-COPD sisifo sexesha elide (esinganyangekiyo). Esi sifo siza kusiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ukuba awuyeke ukutshaya.

Ukuba uneCOPD enzima, uya kufutshane nokuphefumla kunye nemisebenzi emininzi. Unokungeniswa esibhedlele rhoqo.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga noomatshini bokuphefumla kunye nokhathalelo lokuphela kobomi njengoko isifo siqhubeka.

NgeCOPD, unokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinje:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga (arrhythmia)
• Isidingo somatshini wokuphefumla kunye nonyango lweoksijini
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo esekunene okanye i-cor pulmonale (ukudumba kwentliziyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo ngenxa yesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga)
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Umphunga owileyo (pneumothorax)
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima obukhulu kunye nokungondleki
• Ukucutha amathambo (i-osteoporosis)
• Utywala
• Ukwanda koxinzelelo

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba unokonyuka ngokukhawuleza kokuphefumla okufutshane.

Ukungatshayi kuthintela uninzi lweCOPD. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya. Amayeza ayafumaneka ukunceda uyeke ukutshaya.

COPD; Izifo ezingapheliyo zomoya; Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga; I-bronchitis engapheliyo; Emphysema; I-Bronchitis - engapheliyo

• Iziyobisi Antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• I-Aspirin kunye nesifo sentliziyo
• Ukusebenza emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga - abantu abadala - ukukhutshwa
• ICOPD-ulawulo lweziyobisi
• I-COPD-iziyobisi zoncedo olukhawulezayo
• I-COPD-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Indlela yokuphefumla xa unomoya omfutshane
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-nebulizer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler-akukho spacer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler-ene-spacer
• Uyisebenzisa njani imitha yokuhamba okuphezulu
• Utyando lwemiphunga - ukukhupha
• Yenza ukuhamba okuphezulu kube ngumkhwa
• Ukhuseleko lweoksijini
• Ukuhamba neengxaki zokuphefumla
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• Spirometry
• I-Emphysema
• IBronchitis
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya
• I-COPD (ingxaki engapheliyo yokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga)
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla

ICelli BR, iZuwallack RL. Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 105.

Inyathelo leHlabathi leSifo seMiphunga esiNgapheliyo (GOLD). Isicwangciso sehlabathi ukufumanisa isifo, ukulawula kunye nokuthintela isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga: ingxelo ye2020. igoldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Kufunyenwe ngoJuni 3, 2020.

UHan MK, uLazaro SC. I-COPD: ukufumanisa isifo kunye nolawulo. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 44.

Amaziko kaZwelonke wezeMpilo, iNtliziyo yeSizwe, iMiphunga, kunye newebhusayithi yeZiko leGazi. Isicwangciso sokusebenza sesizwe seCOPD. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/COPD%20National%20Action%20Plan%20508_0.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 22, 2017. Kufumaneka ngo-Apreli 29, 2020.