Microcephaly: yintoni, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Iindidi ze-microcephaly
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Unyango lwentetho
• 2. Iiseshoni zePhysotherapy
• 3. Unyango emsebenzini
• 4. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza
• 5. Inaliti yeBotox
• 6. Utyando lwentloko

I-Microcephaly sisifo apho intloko kunye nengqondo yabantwana zincinci kunesiqhelo kubudala babo kwaye oku kunokubangelwa kukungalungisi ngexesha lokukhulelwa okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinemichiza okanye ukusulelwa ziintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane, ezinjengeentsholongwane iZika, umzekelo .

Esi sifo sinokutshintsha ukukhula kwengqondo yomntwana, kuba amathambo entloko, athi xa ezalelwe ahlulwe, adibane kwangoko, athintele ingqondo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni amandla ayo ngesiqhelo. Ngenxa yoku, umntwana one-microcephaly unokufuna ukhathalelo lobomi bonke, kodwa oku kuhlala kuqinisekiswa emva konyaka wokuqala wobomi kwaye kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu ekubeni ingqondo ikwazile kangakanani ukukhula kwaye zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho ezisengozini enkulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Olona phawu luphambili lwe-microcephaly yintloko kunye nengqondo encinci kunesiqhelo kubudala bomntwana, engazivelisi iimpawu, nangona kunjalo inokubeka emngciphekweni ukukhula komntwana, kwaye kunokubakho:

• Iingxaki ezibonakalayo;
• Ukuphulukana nokuva;
• Ukudodobala kwengqondo;
• Ukusilela kwengqondo;
• Ukukhubazeka;
• Ukuxhuzula;
• Ukuxhuzula;
• Autism.

Le meko inokukhokelela ekuveleni kokuqina kwezihlunu zomzimba, ezaziwa ngokwenzululwazi njengokuxinana, njengoko ezi zihlunu zilawulwa yingqondo kwaye kwimeko ye-microcephaly lo msebenzi uphazamisekile.

Qonda ngakumbi malunga ne-microcephaly kunye nendlela yokunyamekela umntwana onale ngxaki ngokubukela le vidiyo ilandelayo:

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-microcephaly sisifo se-Zika kunye neChikungunya virus ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngakumbi kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa:

• Usulelo olunjenge-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus kunye ne-toxoplasmosis;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba, utywala okanye iziyobisi, ezinje ngecocaine neheroin ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• Isifo serett;
• Ityhefu yi-mercury okanye ubhedu;
• Meningitis;
• Ukungondleki;
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo;
• Izifo zeMetabolic kunina, ezinje nge phenylketonuria;
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimitha ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ngokuchasene nokuxhuzula, i-hepatitis okanye umhlaza kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.

I-Microcephaly inokuba yimfuza kwaye ivele ebantwaneni abanezinye izifo ezinjenge-West syndrome, i-Down syndrome kunye ne-Edwards syndrome, umzekelo. Ke ngoko, umntwana one-microcephaly onayo nayiphi na yezi syndromes unokuba nezinye iimpawu zomzimba, ukukhubazeka kunye nobunzima ngakumbi kunabantwana abane-microcephaly kuphela.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwe-microcephaly kunokwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngovavanyo lokubeleka, njenge-ultrasound, umzekelo, kwaye inokuqinisekiswa kanye emva kokubeleka ngokulinganisa ubungakanani bentloko yomntwana, eyenziwe ngumongikazi okanye ngugqirha. Fumana ngakumbi xa kufuneka wenze i-ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezinje ngecomputer tomography okanye ubuchwephesha bemagneti yokujonga amandla zikwanceda ukulinganisa ubungqongqo be-microcephaly kwaye ziziphi iziphumo ezinokubakho ekukhuleni komntwana.

Iindidi ze-microcephaly

Ezinye izifundo zahlula i-microcephaly kwezinye iintlobo, ezinje:

• Imicrocephaly yaseprayimari: olu hlobo lwenzeka xa kukho ukusilela kwimveliso yee-neurons, eziyizisele zobuchopho, ngexesha lokukhula komntwana;
• I-Microcephaly yasemva kokubeleka: luhlobo umntwana azalwa ngalo enokhakhayi kunye nobungakanani bengqondo efanelekileyo, kodwa ukukhula kwala malungu akulandeli ukukhula komntwana;
• I-microcephaly eyaziwayo: kuyenzeka xa umntwana ezalwa enokhakhayi oluncinci, kodwa engabonisi utshintsho kwimithambo-luvo, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba abazali bomntwana banentloko encinci.

Kukho olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-microcephaly ehambelana nayo, apho abantwana abaneengxaki zemithambo-luvo banengxaki ekukhuleni kolukakayi, kodwa lucalucalulo oluncinci olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha.

Ukongeza, ezinye izifundo zihlela i-microcephaly njengeprayimari, xa amathambo okhakhayi omntwana evala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezisi-7, okanye kwisibini, xa amathambo evala kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhulelwa okanye emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-microcephaly kufuneka lukhokelwe ngugqirha wabantwana kunye ne-neurologist, nangona kunjalo ungenelelo lwabanye abantu abaqeqeshiweyo njengabongikazi, i-physiotherapists kunye neetheraphisti kwezomsebenzi ziyimfuneko, ngubani oza kunceda umntwana ukuba akhule kunye nezithintelo ezinokubakho ukuze abe nomgangatho omkhulu yobomi.

Unyango luyahluka ngokwamatyala onke, ngakumbi ngokomda womntwana ngamnye. Okwangoku, ezona ndlela zisetyenziswayo zonyango zibandakanya:

1. Unyango lwentetho

Ukuphucula amandla okuthetha, umntwana kufuneka akhatshwe yingcali yokuthetha okungenani kathathu ngeveki.

Ukongeza, abazali kufuneka bacule iingoma ezincinci emntwaneni kwaye bathethe nabo bajonge emehlweni imini yonke, nokuba abasabeli kwisikhuthazi. Izimbo zomzimba kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukwenza ukuba kube lula ukuqonda into oyithethayo kunye nokubamba ngcono umdla womntwana. Jonga eminye imidlalo enokwenziwa ukukhuthaza intetho.

2. Iiseshoni zePhysotherapy

Ukuphucula ukukhula kweemoto, ukwandisa ukulinganisela kunye nokuthintela i-atrophy yemisipha kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha, kubalulekile ukwenza iiseshoni ezininzi zonyango kangangoko, ubuncinci amaxesha ama-3 ngeveki, ukwenza imithambo yebhola yePilates elula, ukuzolula, iiseshoni zengqondo kunye ne-hydrotherapy kunokuba luncedo .

I-Physiotherapy ibonakalisiwe kuba inokuba neziphumo ekukhuleni komzimba womntwana, kodwa nangenxa yokuba iyanceda kuphuhliso lwengqondo.

3. Unyango emsebenzini

Kwimeko yabantwana abadala kunye nenjongo yokwandisa ukuzimela, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiseshoni zonyango emsebenzini kungabonakaliswa ngugqirha, apho imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla inokuqeqeshwa khona, njengokuxubha amazinyo okanye ukutya, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizodwa., umzekelo.

Ukuphucula ukukwazi ukunxulumana, kufuneka umntu avavanye ukubakho kokugcina umntwana kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo ukuze akwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye abantwana abangenayo i-microcephaly, akwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo nakwimidlalo ekhuthaza unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwengqondo, umntwana ngekhe afunde ukulesa okanye ukubhala, nangona enokuya esikolweni ukuze akwazi ukunxibelelana nabanye abantwana.

Ekhaya, abazali kufuneka bakhuthaze umntwana kangangoko kunokwenzeka, badlale phambi kwesipili, babe kwicala lomntwana kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zosapho kunye nezihlobo xa kunokwenzeka ukuzama ukugcina ingqondo yomntwana isebenza rhoqo.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza

Umntwana one-microcephaly usenokufuna ukuthatha amayeza amiselwe ngugqirha ngokweempawu abazibonakalisayo, ezinje nge-anticonvulsant ukunciphisa ukuxhuzula okanye ukunyanga i-hyperactivity, enje nge-Diazepam okanye i-Ritalin, ukongeza ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu, ezinje ngeParacetamol, ukunciphisa izihlunu iintlungu ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.

5. Inaliti yeBotox

Inaliti yeBotox ingabonakaliswa kunyango lwabanye abantwana abane-microcephaly, kuba banokunceda ukunciphisa ukuqina kwezihlunu kunye nokuphucula imeko yendalo yomzimba, ukuququzelela iiseshini ze-physiotherapy kunye nokhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla.

Ngokwesiqhelo inaliti ye-Botox iboniswa xa umntwana esoloko enezihlunu ezinesivumelwano, ngokungathandekiyo, ezenza izinto ezilula njengokuhlamba okanye ukutshintsha i-diaper kube nzima. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-botox kuthathwa njengokukhuselekileyo kwaye akukho bungozi kwezempilo, ukuba nje isetyenziselwa idosi efanelekileyo kwaye ihlala iphantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.

6. Utyando lwentloko

Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando lunokwenziwa ngokwenza ukusikwa entloko ukuvumela ukuba ingqondo ikhule, kunciphisa ukulandelelana kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, olu tyando ukuze lube nesiphumo kufuneka lwenziwe ade umntwana abe neenyanga ezi-2 ubudala kwaye aliboniswanga kuwo onke amatyala, kuphela xa kunokubakho izibonelelo ezininzi kunye nomngcipheko omncinci onxulumene noko.