Ukuchaneka kwentliziyo

I-Cardiomyopathy sisifo apho izihlunu zentliziyo ziba buthathaka, zoluleke, okanye zibe nenye ingxaki yolwakhiwo.

I-cardiomyopathy echaphazelekayo iyimeko apho i-heart muscle iyancipha kwaye iyanda. Ngenxa yoko, intliziyo ayinakupompa igazi eloneleyo kuwo wonke umzimba.

Zininzi iintlobo ze-cardiomyopathy. I-cardiomyopathy echaphazelekayo iyona ndlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa ingaba ngumphumo weemeko ezahlukeneyo. Abanye ababoneleli ngezempilo basebenzisa eli gama ukubonisa imeko ethile, ebizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Akukho sizathu saziwayo solu hlobo lwe-cardiomyopathy eyandisiweyo.

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo be-cardiomyopathy eyandisiweyo zezi:

• Isifo sentliziyo esibangelwa kukucuthwa okanye ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukulawulwa kakubi koxinzelelo lwegazi

Zininzi ezinye izinto ezibangela i-cardiomyopathy ebanzi, kubandakanya:

• Utywala okanye icocaine (okanye esinye isiyobisi)
• Isifo seswekile, isifo se-thyroid, okanye i-hepatitis
• Amayeza anokuba yityhefu entliziyweni, afana neziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga apho intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ixesha elide
• Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo
• Iimeko eziqhutywa kwiintsapho
• Usulelo olubandakanya imisipha yentliziyo
• Iipavali zentliziyo ezixineneyo okanye ezivuza kakhulu
• Ngexesha lokugqibela lokukhulelwa, okanye kwiinyanga ezintlanu emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
• Ukubonakaliswa kwizinyithi ezinzima ezinje nge lead, arsenic, cobalt, okanye mercury

Le meko inokuchaphazela nabani na nangaliphi na ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile kumadoda amadala.

Iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo zixhaphake kakhulu. Zihlala zikhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu ziqala ngequbuliso kwaye zinokuba nzima.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo (ngakumbi ngokwenza umthambo)
• Khohlela
• Ukudinwa, ukuba buthathaka, nokudinwa
• Ukubetha okungaqhelekanga okanye okukhawulezayo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngomsebenzi okanye emva kokulala phantsi (okanye ukulala) okwexeshana
• Ukudumba kweenyawo kunye namaqatha

Ngexesha loviwo, umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana:

• Intliziyo iyandiswa.
• Ukuqhekeka kwemiphunga (uphawu lokwakhiwa kolwelo), ukumbombozela kwentliziyo, okanye ezinye izandi ezingaqhelekanga.
• Isibindi kunokwenzeka ukuba sandisiwe.
• Iimvumba zeentamo zingaba ziqhuma.

Inani leemvavanyo zaselabhoratri linokwenziwa ukufumanisa unobangela:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zokufumanisa isifo se-autoimmune
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody lokuchonga usulelo olufana nesifo seLyme kunye ne-HIV
• Uvavanyo lwe-Iron ngegazi
• Uvavanyo lweSerum TSH kunye ne-T4 ukuchonga iingxaki ze-thyroid
• Uvavanyo lwe-amyloidosis (igazi, umchamo)

Ukwandiswa kwentliziyo okanye ezinye iingxaki ngesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo (njengokucofa buthathaka) kunokubonisa kwezi mvavanyo. Banokukunceda ekuchongeni oyena nobangela wengxaki:

• I-Echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yentliziyo)
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Coronary angiogram ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni
• I-catheterization yentliziyo ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi nasekujikelezeni kwentliziyo
  
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwentliziyo
• I-MRI yentliziyo
• Ukuskena kwentliziyo yenyukliya (scintigraphy, MUGA, RNV)

I-biopsy yentliziyo, apho kususwa khona isiqwenga sentliziyo, sinokufuneka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile ukuba kwenziwe.

Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukukhathalela imeko yakho zibandakanya:

• Wazi umzimba wakho, kwaye ujonge iimpawu zokuba ukusilela kwentliziyo yakho kuya kusiba mandundu.
• Jonga utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nobunzima.
• Nciphisa indlela osela ngayo kunye neetyuwa ezingakanani (isodiyam) ozifumanayo kwindlela otya ngayo.

Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sentliziyo kufuneka bathathe amayeza. Amanye amayeza ayazinyanga iimpawu zakho. Abanye banokunceda ukuthintela ukusilela kwentliziyo yakho ekubeni kubi, okanye kuthintele ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo.

Iinkqubo kunye notyando onokulufuna lubandakanya:

• I-pacemaker yokunceda ukunyanga isantya sentliziyo esincinci okanye ukunceda ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kuhlala kulungelelaniso
• I-defibrillator eyamkela isingqi sentliziyo esisongela ubomi kwaye ithumele ukubetha kombane (ukothuka) ukubamisa
• Ukudlula kwentliziyo (CABG) okanye i-angioplasty ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwimisipha yentliziyo eyonakeleyo okanye ebuthathaka
• Ukutshintshwa kwevalve okanye ukulungiswa

Ngokwe-cardiomyopathy ephambili:

• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kunokucetyiswa ukuba unyango oluqhelekileyo aluzange lusebenze kwaye iimpawu zokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo zinzima kakhulu.
• Ukubekwa kwesixhobo esincedayo se-ventricular okanye intliziyo eyenziweyo inokuthathelwa ingqalelo.

Ukusilela kwentliziyo engapheliyo kuya kusiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abantu abaninzi abanokusilela kwentliziyo baya kufa ngenxa yale meko. Ukucinga ngohlobo lokhathalelo onokulufuna ekupheleni kobomi kwaye uxoxe ngale micimbi nabantu obathandayo kwaye umboneleli wakho wezempilo kubalulekile.

Ukusilela kwentliziyo kuhlala sisigulo esinganyangekiyo, esinokuba sibi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu bahlakulela ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, apho amayeza, ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye nophando alusancedi. Abantu abaninzi basemngciphekweni wesingqisho sentliziyo esibulalayo, kwaye banokufuna amayeza okanye isixhobo sokulungisa izixhobo.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu zentliziyo.

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo kwangoko ukuba unentlungu esifubeni, ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla.

I-Cardiomyopathy - yanda; I-cardiomyopathy yokuqala; Isifo sentliziyo isifo seswekile; Idiopathic cardiomyopathy; I-cardiomyopathy enxilisayo

• Icandelo lentliziyo phakathi embindini
• Intliziyo - umbono wangaphambili
• Ukuchaneka kwentliziyo
• I-cardiomyopathy enxilisayo

UFalk RH, uHershberger RE. I-cardiomyopathies edibeneyo, ethintelayo, kunye ne-infiltrative. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 77.

UMckenna WJ, uElliott P. Izifo ze-myocardium kunye ne-endocardium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.