Pericarditis

I-Pericarditis yimeko apho i-sac-efana nokugubungela intliziyo (i-pericardium) iyavuvukala.

Unobangela we-pericarditis awaziwa okanye awuqinisekiswanga kwiimeko ezininzi. Ichaphazela ikakhulu amadoda aneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-50.

I-Pericarditis ihlala isisiphumo sosulelo olufana:

• Usulelo lwentsholongwane olubangela isifuba esibandayo okanye inyumoniya
• Usulelo kunye neebhaktheriya (eziqhelekileyo)
• Olunye usulelo lokungunda (kunqabile)

Imeko inokubonakala ngezifo ezinje:

• Umhlaza (kubandakanya ileukemia)
• Ukuphazamiseka apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela izicwili zomzimba esempilweni ngempazamo
• Usulelo lwe-HIV kunye ne-AIDS
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid gland
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Umkhuhlane wamathambo
• Isifo sephepha (TB)

Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Utyando lwentliziyo okanye ukwenzakala kwisifuba, umqala, okanye intliziyo
• Amanye amayeza, afana ne-procainamide, i-hydralazine, i-phenytoin, i-isoniazid, kunye namanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza okanye ukucinezela amajoni omzimba
• Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwezihlunu zentliziyo
• Ukunyanga ngemitha esifubeni

Intlungu yesifuba ihlala ikhona. Intlungu:

• Ingavakala entanyeni, egxalabeni, ngasemva, okanye esiswini
• Amaxesha amaninzi ukunyuka ngokuphefumla okunzulu kunye nokulala phantsi, kwaye kunokunyuka ngokukhohlela nokuginya
• Ngaba uzive ubukhali kwaye uhlatyiwe
• Uhlala ekhululekile ngokuhlala phezulu kwaye uyame okanye ugobe phambili

Unokuba nomkhuhlane, ukugodola, okanye ukubila ukuba imeko ibangelwa lusulelo.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iqatha, iinyawo nomlenze udumbile
• Ixhala
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima xa ulala phantsi
• Ukukhohlela owomileyo
• Ukudinwa

Xa umamele intliziyo nge-stethoscope, umboneleli wezempilo unokuva isandi esibizwa ngokuba yi-pericardial rub. Isandi sentliziyo sinokubhabha okanye sikude. Kunokubakho ezinye iimpawu zolwelo olugqithisileyo kwi-pericardium (pericardial effusion).

Ukuba ingxaki inzima, kunokubakho:

• Ukuqhekeka emiphungeni
• Ukuncipha komoya uphefumla
• Eminye imiqondiso yolwelo kwisithuba esijikeleze imiphunga

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa ukujonga intliziyo kunye nocwecwe lwethishu elijikelezileyo (pericardium):

• Iskena seMRI yesifuba
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram
• Intliziyo ye-MRI okanye i-CT scan
• Ukukhangela iRadionuclide

Ukujonga ukonakala kwentliziyo yemisipha, umboneleli unoku-odola itroponin endiyivavanyayo. Olunye uvavanyo lweelebhu lunokubandakanya:

• Intsholongwane yentsholongwane (ANA)
• Inkcubeko yegazi
• I-CBC
• Iprotheyini esebenzayo yeC
• Izinga le-sedimentation ye-Erythrocyte (ESR)
• Uvavanyo lwe-HIV
• Into yeRheumatoid
• Uvavanyo lwesikhumba seTuberculin

Unobangela we-pericarditis kufuneka uchongwe, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Amanani aphezulu ezonyango ezichasayo (ii-NSAID) ezinje nge-ibuprofen zihlala zinikwa iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-colchicine. La mayeza aya kunciphisa iintlungu zakho kwaye anciphise ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo yakho. Uya kucelwa ukuba ubathathe iintsuku ukuya kwiiveki okanye nangaphezulu kwezinye iimeko.

Ukuba unobangela we-pericarditis sisifo:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aya kusetyenziselwa usulelo lwebacteria
• Amayeza okubola aya kusetyenziselwa ukungunda kwe-pericarditis

Amanye amayeza anokusetyenziswa ngala:

• Iicorticosteroids ezinje nge-prednisone (kwabanye abantu)
• "Iipilisi zamanzi" (i-diuretics) ukususa ulwelo oluninzi

Ukuba ulwelo olongezelelekileyo lwenza ukuba intliziyo isebenze kakubi, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukucoca ulwelo oluphuma engxoweni. Le nkqubo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-pericardiocentesis, inokwenziwa kusetyenziswa inaliti, ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound (i-echocardiography) kwiimeko ezininzi.
• Ukusika umngxunya omncinci (iwindow) kwi-pericardium (subxiphoid pericardiotomy) ukuvumela ulwelo olosulelekileyo ludlulele kwisisu esiswini. Oku kwenziwa ngugqirha wotyando.

Utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-pericardiectomy lunokufuneka ukuba i-pericarditis ihlala ixesha elide, ibuye emva konyango, okanye ibangele ukunqanqatheka okanye ukuqina kwethishu ejikeleze intliziyo. Umsebenzi uquka ukusika okanye ukususa inxenye yeparicardium.

I-Pericarditis inokubakho ukusuka ekuguleni okuncinci okuba ngcono ngokwakho, kwimeko esongela ubomi. Ulwakhiwo lwamanzi olujikeleze intliziyo kunye nokusebenza gwenxa kwentliziyo kunokuba nzima kukuphazamiseka.

Iziphumo zilungile ukuba i-pericarditis inyangwa ngoko nangoko. Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3. Nangona kunjalo, i-pericarditis inokubuya. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinto ephindaphindayo, okanye engapheliyo, ukuba iimpawu okanye iziqendu ziyaqhubeka.

Ukurhabaxa kunye nokuqina kwengubo efana nengxowa kunye nesihlunu sentliziyo sinokwenzeka xa ingxaki inzima. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pericarditis enyanzelekileyo. Inokubangela iingxaki zexesha elide ezifanayo nezo ukusilela kwentliziyo.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu ze-pericarditis. Esi sifo asisongeli ubomi amaxesha amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yingozi xa unganyangwa.

Amatyala amaninzi akanakuthintelwa.

• IPericardium
• Pericarditis

UChabrando JG, uBonaventura A, uVecchie A, et al. Ulawulo lwe-pericarditis ebukhali kunye nephindaphindayo: Uphononongo lobuchwephesha be-JACC. J NdinguColl Cardiol. Ngo-2020; 75 (1): 76-92. IINKCUKACHA: 31918837 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31918837/.

UKnowlton KU, uSavoia MC, uOxman MN. I-myocarditis kunye ne-pericarditis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 80.

I-LeWinter MM, izifo ze-Imerico M. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 83.