Unyango

I-Osteoporosis sisifo apho amathambo esiba buthathaka kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba aphuke (ukwaphuka).

I-Osteoporosis lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo samathambo.

I-Osteoporosis yonyusa umngcipheko wokophuka kwethambo. Phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 baya kuba nokuqhekeka esinqeni, esihlahleni, okanye kwi-vertebra (amathambo omqolo) ngexesha lokudla kwabo ubomi. Ukuqhekeka kwemisipha zezona zixhaphakileyo.

Umzimba wakho ufuna iicalcium kunye nephosphate ukwenza kunye nokugcina amathambo asempilweni.

• Ngexesha lobomi bakho, umzimba wakho uyaqhubeka nokubuyisela ithambo elidala kunye nokwenza ithambo elitsha.
• Logama nje umzimba wakho unebhalansi elungileyo yethambo elitsha nelidala, amathambo akho ahlala esempilweni kwaye omelele.
• Ukuphulukana nethambo kwenzeka xa amathambo amadala ebuyiselwe endaweni kunokuba ithambo elitsha lenziwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulahleka kwethambo kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphulukana nethambo kunye namathambo amancinci abaleka kwiintsapho. Ngokubanzi, abamhlophe, abafazi abadala zezona zinokwenzeka ukuba baphulukane nethambo.

Amathambo aqhekekileyo, aethe-ethe anokubangelwa yiyo nayiphi na into eyenza ukuba umzimba wakho utshabalalise kakhulu ithambo, okanye ugcine umzimba wakho ekwenzeni ithambo elitsha ngokwaneleyo. Njengoko uneminyaka yobudala, umzimba wakho unokuphinda usebenzise i-calcium kunye ne-phosphate emathanjeni akho endaweni yokugcina ezi minerali emathanjeni akho. Oku kwenza amathambo akho abe buthathaka.

Umngcipheko omkhulu awunayo i-calcium eyaneleyo yokwakha izicubu zethambo ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukutya / ukusela ukutya okune-calcium eninzi ngokwaneleyo. Ufuna ivithamin D, kuba iyanceda umzimba wakho ukufunxa ikhalsiyam. Amathambo akho anokuqhekeka kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba aqhekeke ukuba:

• Ukuba awutyi ukutya okwaneleyo ngecalcium kunye novithamini D
• Umzimba wakho awuyifunxi ngokwaneleyo ikhalsiyam ekutyeni kwakho, njengasemva koqhaqho lwesisu esityhutyha isisu

Ezinye izizathu zokuphulukana nethambo zibandakanya:

• Ukwehla kwe-estrogen kwabasetyhini ngexesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni kunye nokuhla kwe testosterone kumadoda njengoko bekhula
• Ukuvalelwa ebhedini ngenxa yokugula okungapheliyo (ikakhulu kuchaphazela amathambo ebantwaneni)
• Ukuba neemeko ezithile zonyango ezibangela ukwanda kokudumba emzimbeni
• Ukuthatha amayeza athile, anje ngamayeza athile okubanjwa, unyango lwehomoni yeprostate okanye yomhlaza webele, kunye namayeza e-steroid athathwe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintathu

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya:

• Ukungabikho kwexesha lokuya exesheni ixesha elide
• Imbali yosapho ye-osteoporosis
• Ukusela isixa esikhulu sotywala
• Ubunzima bomzimba ophantsi
• Ukutshaya
• Ukuba nengxaki yokutya, njengeanorexia amanosa

Akukho zimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala e-osteoporosis. Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu baya kuphuka ngaphambi kokufunda ukuba banesi sifo.

Ukophuka kwamathambo omqolo kunokubangela iintlungu phantse naphina emqolo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-compression fractures. Zihlala zenzeka ngaphandle kokulimala. Intlungu yenzeka ngesiquphe okanye ngokuthe chu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kunokubakho ilahleko yokuphakama (kangangeesentimitha ezi-6 okanye iisentimitha ezili-15) ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuma okuguqulweyo okanye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-dowager's hump inokukhula.

Iskena se-DEXA yi-x-reyi yemitha ephantsi elinganisa ubungqingqwa bezimbiwa emathanjeni akho. Rhoqo, ilinganisa uxinano lomqolo kunye namathambo esinqe. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo usebenzisa olu vavanyo uku:

• Ukuchonga ukulahleka kwethambo kunye ne-osteoporosis.
• Qikelela umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwethambo kwixa elizayo.
• Jonga indlela elisebenza ngayo iyeza le-osteoporosis. (I-DEXA iphindaphindwa rhoqo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.)

Umqolo okanye i-hip x-ray elula inokubonisa ukwaphuka okanye ukuwa kwamathambo omqolo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-x-ray ezilula zamanye amathambo azichanekanga kakhulu ekuqikeleleni ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba une-osteoporosis. I-x-ray yomqolo omtsha ophantsi obizwa ngokuba yi-vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) ngoku iyenziwa rhoqo nge-DEXA ukuze ibone ngcono ukwaphuka okungenazimpawu.

Unokufuna uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukuba umboneleli wakho ucinga unobangela we-osteoporosis yakho imeko yonyango, endaweni yokulahleka kwethambo kancinci okwenzeka ngokuguga.

Iziphumo zokuvavanywa kwe-DEXA thelekisa uxinizelelo lweethambo lakho kunye nabantu abadala abancinci abangaphulukananga nethambo kunye nabantu abakwiminyaka yakho kunye nesini. Oku kuthetha ukuba kubudala beminyaka engama-80, phantse isinye kwisithathu sabasetyhini abaphulukene nethambo eliqhelekileyo elihambelana nobudala banokuba ne-osteoporosis, esekwe kwiziphumo zokuskena kwe-DEXA.

Unyango lwe-osteoporosis lunokubandakanya:

• Ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njengokutshintsha indlela otya ngayo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo
• Ukuthatha izongezo zecalcium kunye nevithamin D
• Sebenzisa amayeza

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukomeleza amathambo xa:

• I-Osteoporosis iye yafunyaniswa ngovavanyo lokuxinana kwethambo, nokuba awunaqhekeko, kwaye umngcipheko wakho wokuqhekeka uphezulu.
• Unokophuka kwethambo, kwaye kuvavanyo lwethambo lubonisa ukuba unamathambo amancinci, kodwa hayi i-osteoporosis.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-osteoporosis aquka:

• I-Bisphosphonates-ezona ziyobisi ziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela nokunyanga i-osteoporosis kubafazi abasemva kwemini. Banokunikwa ngomlomo okanye nge-IV.
• I-Denusomab - inciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo kwaye inyuse uxinano lweethambo. Inikezwe ngenaliti phantsi kolusu.
• I-Teriparatide okanye i-abaloparatide-eyenzelwe ngabantu yehomoni eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho eyonyusa uxinano lweethambo.
• I-Romosozumab -isiyobisi esitsha sokuncipha kwamathambo okuqatha.
  Iimodyuli ze-Estrogen receptor.
  I-Calcitonin -ifom eyenziwe ngumntu yehomoni eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho eyonyusa ukuxinana kwethambo. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyanga iintlungu ngequbuliso kwintlambo yomqolo

Ubude bexesha umntu obhinqileyo ekufuneka ewathathe la mayeza kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lakhe lomngcipheko. Iingcebiso zibandakanya:

• Umngcipheko wokuqhekeka okuphantsi- iminyaka emi-5 yonyango lomlomo okanye iminyaka emi-3 yonyango lwe-IV
• Umngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhekeka - iminyaka eli-10 yonyango lomlomo okanye iminyaka emi-6 yonyango lwe-IV

Ukuzivocavoca kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uxinzelelo lweethambo kubantu abadala. Olunye uqeqesho olucetyiswayo ukunciphisa ithuba lakho lokophuka kubandakanya:

• Ukuthwala ubunzima, njengokuhamba, ukubaleka, ukudlala intenetya, okanye ukudanisa ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30, kathathu ngeveki.
• Ubunzima basimahla, oomatshini bokulinganisa, ukolula iibhendi
• Ukuzivocavoca ibhalansi, enje nge-tai chi kunye neyoga
• Oomatshini ababhexa isikhephe

Kuphephe nawuphi na umthambo obonisa umngcipheko wokuwa. Kwakhona, musa ukwenza imithambo ephezulu enokubangela ukwaphuka kubantu abadala.

Landela ezi zikhokelo zokufumana i-calcium eyaneleyo kunye nevithamini D:

• Abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 kufuneka babe ne-1,000 mg ye-calcium kunye nama-400 ukuya kuma-800 kwiiyunithi zamazwe ngamazwe (IU) ze-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-51 ukuya kuma-70 kufuneka babe ne-1,200 mg ye-calcium kunye nama-400 ukuya ku-800 IU we-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Amadoda aneminyaka engama-51 ukuya kuma-70 kufuneka abe ne-1,000 mg ye-calcium kunye no-400 ukuya ku-800 IU we-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kufuneka babe ne-1,200 mg ye-calcium kunye ne-800 IU ye-vitamin D ngosuku.
• Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ngokuncedisa ngecalcium.
• Landela ukutya okubonelela ngesixa esifanelekileyo secalcium kunye novithamini D. Sebenzisa izongezo ukwenza ukunqongophala kuphela ukuba indlela otya ngayo ayinazixa zicetyiswayo.
• Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ngeedosi eziphezulu ze-vitamin D ukuba unemingcipheko ye-osteoporosis okanye inqanaba eliphantsi lale vithamini.

(Qaphela: Amanye amaqela eengcali awaqinisekanga ukuba izibonelelo kunye nokukhuseleka kwezi zixa zevithamin D kunye necalcium zingaphezulu komngcipheko wazo. Qiniseka ukuba uyaxoxa nomnikezeli wakho ukuba ngaba izongezo zilukhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe.)

Yeka imikhwa emibi:

• Yeka ukutshaya, ukuba uyatshaya.
• Nciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala. Ukusela kakhulu kunokuwonakalisa amathambo akho. Oku kukubeka emngciphekweni wokuwa kunye nokophuka ithambo.

Kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuwa kwabantu abadala. Ezi ngcebiso zinokunceda:

• Sukuthatha amayeza akwenzela ukuba wozele ungazinzi. Ukuba kufuneka uzithathe, lumka ngakumbi xa uphakamile kwaye ujikeleza. Umzekelo, bambelela kwiitafile okanye kwifenitshala eyomeleleyo ukuthintela ukuwa.
• Susa iingozi zekhaya, njengokuphosa iiragi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa.
• Shiya izibane ebusuku ukuze ubone ngcono xa ujikeleza indlu yakho.
• Faka kwaye usebenzise imivalo yokubamba ukhuseleko kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
• Faka i-antislip flooring kwiibhafu kunye neeshawa.
• Qinisekisa ukuba umbono wakho ulungile. Jonga amehlo akho kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka ngugqirha wamehlo.
• Nxiba izihlangu ezilingana kakuhle kwaye ezinezithende eziphantsi. Oku kubandakanya iislippers. Iziliphu ezingenazo izithende zinokubangela ukuba ukhubeke kwaye uwe.
• Musa ukuhambahamba wedwa ngeentsuku zomkhenkce.

Utyando lokunyanga okunzima, ukukhubaza iintlungu ezivela kumqolo womqolo ngenxa ye-osteoporosis kubandakanya:

• I-Kyphoplasty (into ibekwa kwithambo lomqolo wakho ukubuyisela ubude be-vertebrae)
• Ukuxhamla komgogodla (amathambo omqolo wakho adityanisiwe ukuze angahambelani)

Amayeza okunyanga i-osteoporosis anokunceda ekuthinteleni ukwaphuka kwexesha elizayo. Amathambo emqolo sele edilikile akanako ukomelela.

I-Osteoporosis inokubangela ukuba umntu akhubazeke kumathambo abuthathaka. Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba abantu bangeniswe kumakhaya abalupheleyo.

Qiniseka ukuba ufumana ikhalsiyam eyaneleyo kunye novithamini D ukuze wakhe kwaye ugcine amathambo asempilweni. Ukulandela ukutya okunempilo, okunesondlo kunokukunceda ufumane ezi kunye nezinye izakha mzimba ezibalulekileyo.

Ezinye iingcebiso zokuthintela:

• Musa ukusela izixa ezikhulu zotywala.
• Musa ukutshaya.
• Yenza umthambo rhoqo.

Amayeza anokunyanga i-osteoporosis kwaye akhusele ukwaphuka. Umboneleli wakho unokukuxelela ukuba kukho naziphi na ezifanelekileyo kuwe.

Amathambo amancinci; Ubuninzi beethambo; Isifo samathambo; Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip - i-osteoporosis; Ucinezelo Ukophuka - kwamathambo; Ukuqhekeka esihlahleni - i-osteoporosis

• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip - ukukhutshwa
• Ukuthintela ukuwa

• Ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo
• Ukuvavanywa koxinano lwamathambo
• Unyango
• Unyango
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-Hip
• Umthombo weVitamin D
• Isibonelelo seCalcium
• Umthombo weCalcium
• Umsebenzi wokwakha amathambo
• Utshintsho kumqolo kunye nobudala

UAlerler RA, uEl-Hajj Fuleihan G, uBauer DC, et al. Ukulawula i-osteoporosis kwizigulana kunyango lwe-bisphosphonate yexesha elide: ingxelo yeQela loMsebenzi loMbutho waseMelika woPhando lweMathambo kunye neMinerali. J Bone Miner Res. Ngo-2016; 31 (10): 1910. IINKCUKACHA: 27759931 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27759931.

Umnyama DM, uRosen CJ. Ukuziqhelanisa neklinikhi: i-postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. Ngo-2016; 374 (3): 254-262. IINKCUKACHA: 26789873 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26789873.

ICompston JE, uMcClung MR, uLeslie WD. Unyango. ILancet. Ngo-2019; 393 (10169): 364-376. IINKCUKACHA: 30696576 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696576.

UCosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, okqhubekayo; Isiseko seSizwe se-Osteoporosis. Isikhokelo sikagqirha kuthintelo kunye nonyango lwe-osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. Ngo-2014; 25 (10): 2359-2381. IINKCUKACHA: 25182228 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182228.

UDe Paula FJA, uMnyama oMnyama, uRosen CJ. I-Osteoporosis: izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezonyango. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus RJ, uGoldfine AB, uLoenig RJ, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 30.

U-Eastell R, uRosen CJ, uMnyama DM, et al. Ulawulo lwe-Pharmacological ye-osteoporosis kubafazi abasele besemopaopausal: uMbutho we-Endocrine * isikhokelo sonyango. J Ikliniki ye-Endocrinol Metab. Ngo-2019; 104 (5): 1595-1622. IINKCUKACHA: 30907593 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30907953.

UKemmler W, Bebenek M, Kohl M, von Stengel S.Ukuzivocavoca kunye nokuqhekeka kwabasetyhini abasemva kwamadoda. Iziphumo zokugqibela zoPhando lwe-Erlangen Fitness kunye ne-Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS). Osteoporos Int. 2015; 26 (10): 2491-2499. IINKCUKACHA: 25963237 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963237.

UMoyer VA; IiNkonzo zoThintelo ze-US. I-Vitamin D kunye ne-calcium supplementation ukukhusela ukuqhekeka kubantu abadala: I-US Preventive Services Task Force statement. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2013; 158 (9): 691-696. IINKCUKACHA: 23440163 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440163.

Qaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, et al. Unyango lwethambo elixineneyo okanye i-osteoporosis yokuthintela ukwaphuka kwamadoda nabasetyhini: uhlaziyo lwesikhokelo sokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi evela eAmerican College of Physicians. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2017; 166 (11): 818-839. IINKCUKACHA: 28492856 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28492856.