Umhlaza womhlaza wamadlala

Ukubeka umhlaza yindlela yokuchaza ukuba ungakanani umhlaza osemzimbeni wakho kwaye ubekwe phi emzimbeni wakho. Umhlaza womdlavuza wesibeleko unceda ekuboneni ukuba likhulu kangakanani na ithumba lakho, nokuba lisasazekile na, nalapho lisasazeke khona.

Ukwazi inqanaba lomhlaza wakho kunceda iqela lakho lomhlaza:

• Thatha isigqibo ngeyona ndlela yokunyanga umhlaza
• Misela ithuba lakho lokuchacha
• Fumana uvavanyo lwezonyango onokuthi ujoyine

Isiteji sokuqala sisekwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lwe-PSA, ii-biopsies, kunye novavanyo lwe-imaging. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yezonyango.

PSA ibhekisa kwiprotein eyenziwe yiprostate elinganiswa ngovavanyo lwelebhu

• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-PSA linokubonisa umhlaza oqhubele phambili.
• Oogqirha baya kujonga nendlela akhawuleze ngayo amanqanaba e-PSA ukusuka kuvavanyo ukuya kuvavanyo. Ukonyuka okukhawulezayo kunokubonisa ithumba elibi nangakumbi.

I-prostate biopsy yenziwa kwiofisi kagqirha wakho. Iziphumo zingabonisa:

• Ingakanani indlala ebandakanyekileyo.
• Amanqaku eGleason. Inani elisuka ku-2 ukuya ku-10 elibonisa ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zijongeka njani kufutshane neeseli eziqhelekileyo xa zijongwa ngemicroscope. Amanqaku ama-6 okanye ngaphantsi acebisa ukuba umhlaza ucotha kwaye awunaburhalarhume. Amanani aphezulu abonisa umhlaza okhula ngokukhawuleza onokuthi usasazeke.

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo ezinje nge-CT scan, iMRI, okanye ukuskena kwethambo nako kunokwenziwa.

Sebenzisa iziphumo kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela inqanaba lakho leklinikhi. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu lwazi olwaneleyo lokwenza izigqibo ngonyango lwakho.

Inqanaba lotyando (ukujonga isifo) kusekwe kwinto efunyanwa ngugqirha wakho ukuba uye wenziwa utyando ukuze kususwe iprostate kwaye mhlawumbi ezinye ii-lymph node. Uvavanyo lwelebhu lwenziwa kwithishu esusiweyo.

Eli nqanaba linceda ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi olunye unyango onokulufuna. Kuyanceda ukuqikelela ukuba ungalindela ntoni emva kokuphela konyango.

Ukuphakama kwenqanaba, kokukhona umhlaza uqhubela phambili.

Inqanaba I umhlaza. Umhlaza ufumaneka kuphela kwinxalenye enye yeprostate. Inqanaba ndibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza webele wendlala. Ayinakuviwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-digital rectal okanye ibonwe ngovavanyo lokucinga. Ukuba i-PSA ingaphantsi kwe-10 kwaye amanqaku eGleason angama-6 okanye ngaphantsi, umhlaza weSigaba I umhlaza unokukhula kancinci.

Umhlaza weSigaba II. Umhlaza uhambele phambili kunenqanaba I. Awuzange usasazeke ngaphaya kweprotrate kwaye usabizwa ngokuba yeyasekhaya. Iiseli aziqheleki kangako kuneeseli zenqanaba I, kwaye zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Zimbini iintlobo zenqanaba lesibini lomhlaza webele.

• Inqanaba IIA lifumaneka ikakhulu kwicala elinye lendlala.
• Isigaba IIB sinokufunyanwa kumacala omabini eprostate.

Umhlaza weSigaba III. Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kweprotrate kwizicwili zalapha. Inokuthi isasazeke kwizambatho zeseminal. Ezi ziincindi ezenza amadlozi. Inqanaba lesithathu libizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza webele wendlala.

Umhlaza weSigaba IV. Umhlaza unwenwele kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Isenokuba kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane okanye amathambo, amaxesha amaninzi kwi-pelvis okanye umqolo. Amanye amalungu afana nesinyi, isibindi, okanye imiphunga angabandakanyeka.

Ukuhamba kunye nexabiso le-PSA kunye nenqaku le-Gleason kukunceda wena nogqirha ugqibe ngonyango olulungileyo, uthathela ingqalelo:

• Iminyaka yakho
• Impilo yakho iyonke
• Iimpawu zakho (ukuba unayo)
• Iimvakalelo zakho malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango
• Ithuba lokuba unyango lunokuwunyanga umhlaza wakho okanye likuncede nangezinye iindlela

Ngenqanaba I, II, okanye III umhlaza webele, eyona njongo iphambili kukunyanga umhlaza ngokuwunyanga nokuwugcina ungabuyi. Ngenqanaba IV, injongo kukuphucula iimpawu kunye nokwandisa ubomi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inqanaba IV umhlaza wedlala lobudoda awunakuphiliswa.

ILoeb S, iEththam JA. Ukuchongwa kunye nokufakwa komhlaza wedlala lobuchopho. Ku: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, ii-eds. UCampbell-Walsh Urology. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 111.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wesibeletho (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-screening-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2 ka-Agasti ka-2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 24, 2019.

Reese AC. Unyango kunye nokunyanga komhlaza wedlala lesinyi. UMydlo JH, uGodec CJ, ii-eds. Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 39.

• Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda