Hypogonadism: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• 1. Indoda hypogonadism
• 2. I-hypogonadism yabasetyhini
• 3. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• 1. Hypogonadism yaseprayimari
• 2. Hypogonadism yesibini
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

I-Hypogonadism yimeko apho ama-ovari okanye amasende angavelisi iihormoni ezaneleyo, ezinje nge-estrogen kwabasetyhini kunye ne testosterone emadodeni, adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni ngexesha lokufikisa.

Le meko inokukhula ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuvela xa kuzalwa, kodwa inokubonakala nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ngesiqhelo ngenxa yezilonda okanye usulelo kumaqanda okanye kumasende.

I-Hypogonadism inokubangela ukungachumi, ukungabikho kobuntwana, ukuya exesheni okanye ukukhula gwenxa kwilungu lesini lendoda. Unyango lwe-hypogonadism kufuneka luboniswe ngugqirha kwaye lujolise ekulawuleni amanqanaba e-hormone kwaye kuthintele iingxaki, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza e-hormonal okanye utyando kunokuba yimfuneko.

Iimpawu eziphambili

I-Hypogonadism inokuqala ngexesha lokukhula komntwana, ngaphambi kokufikisa okanye ebudaleni kwaye ngokubanzi, iimpawu kunye neempawu zixhomekeka kwimeko apho ukukhula kunye nesini somntu:

1. Indoda hypogonadism

I-hypogonadism yamadoda ibangelwa kukuhla okanye ukungabikho kwemveliso ye testosterone ngamatyhalarha, ebonisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo ngokwamanqanaba obomi:

• Iintsana: Ukukhula okungalunganga kwamalungu esini sangaphandle kunokwenzeka ngenxa yemveliso ephantsi ye-testosterone ngexesha lokukhula komntwana. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni i-hypogonadism ikhula nini kunye nenani le-testosterone ekhoyo, umntwana, oyinkwenkwe yemfuza, unokuzalwa enamalungu obufazi, amalungu angasese ngokucacileyo ukuba ayingowesilisa okanye owasetyhini okanye angaphuhlanga amalungu esini;
• Amakhwenkwe ngaphambi kokufikisa: Iimpawu ze-hypogonadism zikhubazekile ekukhuleni kwelungu lobudoda, izihlunu kunye neenwele zomzimba, ukubonakala kwamabele, ukungabikho kotshintsho kwilizwi, ukuxhaphaka xa ufikisa, kunye nokukhula okugqithisileyo kweengalo nemilenze ngokunxulumene nesiqu;
• Amadoda emva kokufikisa: ukunciphisa inani leenwele zomzimba, ukulahleka kobunzima bemisipha kunye nokwanda kwamafutha omzimba, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kunye nomnqweno wesini ophantsi. Kukho ukubakho kuncitshiso kwimveliso yesidoda, enokubangela ukungachumi okanye ubunzima ekufumaneni iqabane lakho.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypogonadism kwenziwa ngugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha womchamo, ngokusekwe kwiimpawu, imbali yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba apho ugqirha akhangela ukukhula kwamatyhalarha, incanca kunye neenwele emzimbeni, kunye nokunokwenzeka ukukhula kwamabele. Ukuba ukrokrela i-hypogonadism yamadoda, ugqirha kufuneka ayalele iimvavanyo zokulinganisa amanqanaba ehomoni anje nge testosterone, FSH kunye ne-LH, kunye nohlalutyo lobudoda, kuvavanyo lobudoda. Fumanisa ukuba yenziwa njani i-spermogram.

2. I-hypogonadism yabasetyhini

I-hypogonadism yabasetyhini eyenzeka ngenxa yokuhla okanye ukungabikho kwemveliso ye-estrogen zii-ovari kwaye ineempawu ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lobomi bomfazi, elibandakanya:

• Amantombazana ngaphambi kokufikisa: ngesiqhelo ixesha lokuqala lokuya esikhathini liqala emva kweminyaka eyi-14 okanye kukho ukungabikho exesheni, okuchaphazela ukukhula kwamabele kunye neenwele zasesidlangalaleni;
• Abasetyhini emva kokufikisa: ukuya exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamaxesha kunokwenzeka, ukunqongophala kwamandla, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuncipha komnqweno wesini, ukulahleka kweenwele zomzimba, ukukhanya okutshisayo kunye nobunzima bokukhulelwa.

Ukuchongwa kwe-hypogonadism yabasetyhini kwenziwa ngugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wezifo zabasetyhini, ngokobudala, ngokusekwe kwimbali yeklinikhi, ubudala ekuqaleni ukuya exesheni, ukuya exesheni rhoqo kunye novavanyo lomzimba lokuvavanya ukukhula noboya besibeleko. Ukongeza, ugqirha kufuneka ayalele iimvavanyo zaselebhu ukulinganisa amanqanaba eehomoni i-FSH, i-LH, i-estrogen, iprogesterone kunye neprolactin, kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga ezifana ne-ultrasound ye-pelvis.

3. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

I-Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-hypogonadism esembindini, inokwenzeka xa kuzalwa amadoda nabafazi, kodwa inokuphinda ikhule nangaliphi na ixesha.

Olu hlobo lwe-hypogonadism lwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwi-hypothalamus okanye i-pituitary gland, ebuchotsheni, obanoxanduva lokuvelisa iihomoni ezikhuthaza amaqanda okanye amasende ukuba avelise iihomoni zazo. Kule meko, ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo yintloko, ubunzima bokubonwa njengokubona kabini okanye ukulahleka kombono, kunye nemveliso yobisi ngamabele.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism kwenziwa ngugqirha ngokusekwe kwiimpawu kunye nokuhlolwa kwemifanekiso njengokujonga ngemagneti yokujonga kwengqondo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Izizathu zehypogonadism zinokuhlelwa ngohlobo lwedlala elichaphazelekayo kwaye zibandakanya:

1. Hypogonadism yaseprayimari

I-hypogonadism yaseprayimari ihlala ibangelwa ngu:

• Izifo ezizimeleyo, ezentso okanye zesibindi;
• Iingxaki zemfuza, ezinjengoTurner Syndrome, kwabasetyhini, kunye neKlinefelter Syndrome, emadodeni;
• I-Cryptorchidism apho amasende angehli kwisirhashalala kumakhwenkwe xa ezalwa;
• Ukuqunjelwa kwamakhwenkwe;
• Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kwabasetyhini;
• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome kubafazi;
• Usulelo njenge-gonorrhea kubafazi;
• I-Radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy kunyango lomhlaza njengoko inokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwehomoni zesini.

Kolu hlobo lwe-hypogonadism, ama-ovari okanye amasende awasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, avelise incinci okanye angabinayo kwaphela ihomoni yesini, kuba ayiphenduli kukhuthazo lobuchopho.

2. Hypogonadism yesibini

I-hypogonadism yesibini ihlala ibangelwa ngu:

• Ukopha ngokungaqhelekanga;
• Iingxaki zemfuza ezinje ngesifo sikaKallmann;
• Ukuswela ukutya;
• Ukutyeba kakhulu;
• Ukugqithisa kwesinyithi egazini;
• Imitha;
• Usulelo lwe-HIV;
• Ithumba lelungu lobufazi.

Kwi-hypogonadism yesibini, kukho ukunciphisa okanye ukungabikho kwemveliso yehomoni kwingqondo, enje nge-FSH kunye ne-LH, enoxanduva lokuvuselela amasende okanye ama-ovari ukuvelisa iihomoni zesini.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-hypogonadism kufuneka luhlale lusenziwa phantsi kwengcebiso yezonyango kwaye lunokubandakanya amayeza e-hormonal ukubuyisela iihomoni zeprogesterone kunye ne-estrogen kwabasetyhini, kunye ne testosterone emadodeni.

Ukuba unobangela yingxaki ye-pituitary, unyango lungenziwa nangamahomoni e-pituitary ukukhuthaza imveliso yesidoda emadodeni okanye kwi-ovulation kwabasetyhini kwaye ngaloo ndlela kubuyiselwe ukuchuma. Ukongeza, kwimeko yethumba kwi-pituitary gland, utyando lunokufuneka ekususeni ithumba, ukusebenzisa amayeza, i-radiotherapy okanye unyango lwehomoni.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yi-hypogonadism zezi:

• Izitho zobudoda ezingaqhelekanga emadodeni;
• Ukukhula kwebele emadodeni;
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile emadodeni;
• Ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo;
• Ukwanda kobunzima bomzimba;
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima bemisipha;
• Ukungachumi;
• Unyango.

Ukongeza, i-hypogonadism inokuchaphazela ukuzithemba kwamadoda nabasetyhini kwaye ibangele ubunzima kubudlelwane bezothando okanye iingxaki zengqondo ezinje ngoxinzelelo, unxunguphalo okanye ukungamkelwa komzimba ngokwawo.