I-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML)

I-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML) ngumhlaza oqala ngaphakathi komongo wethambo. Esi sisicubu esithambileyo embindini wamathambo asinceda ekwenzeni zonke iiseli zegazi.

I-CML ibangela ukukhula okungalawulwayo kweeseli ezingakhulanga kunye nezikhulileyo ezenza uhlobo oluthile lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-myeloid. Iiseli ezigulayo zakha umongo kunye negazi.

Isizathu se-CML sinxulumene ne-chromosome engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yi-chromosome yaseFiladelphia.

Ukuvezwa kwemitha kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-CML. Ukuvezwa kwemitha kunokubakho kunyango olusetyenziswa kwixa elidlulileyo ukunyanga umhlaza we-thyroid okanye iHodgkin lymphoma okanye kwintlekele yenyukliya.

Kuthatha iminyaka emininzi ukuphuhlisa i-leukemia ekuvezweni yimitha. Uninzi lwabantu oluphathwa ngumhlaza ngemitha aluphuhlisi i-leukemia. Kwaye uninzi lwabantu abane-CML alukhange lubonakaliswe kwimitha.

I-CML ihlala ivela kubantu abadala abakwiminyaka yobudala nakubantwana.

I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-meelogenous iqokelelwe ngezigaba:

• Ezingapheliyo
• Ukukhawulezisa
• Intlekele

Isigaba esingapheliyo sinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Esi sifo sinokuba neempawu ezimbalwa okanye singabikho kwaphela ngeli xesha. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa ngeli nqanaba, xa kuvavanywa igazi ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

Isigaba esikhawulezayo sisigaba esiyingozi ngakumbi. Iiseli zegazi zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya umkhuhlane (nangaphandle kosulelo), iintlungu zethambo, kunye nokudumba.

I-CML enganyangekiyo ikhokelela kwinqanaba lokudubula. Ukopha kunye nosulelo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokusilela komongo wethambo.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho kwintlekele yokuqhuma zibandakanya:

• Ukuthuthuzela
• Ukujuluka okugqithisileyo (ukubila ebusuku)
• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Uxinzelelo phantsi kweembambo ezisezantsi ekhohlo kwindawo edumbileyo
• I-Rash - amanqaku amancinci abomvu abomvu kulusu (petechiae)
• Ubuthathaka

Uvavanyo lomzimba ludla ngokubonisa ukudumba. Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) libonisa inani elonyukayo leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neefom ezininzi ezingafakwanga ezikhoyo kunye nenani elonyukayo leeplatelets. Ezi ziindawo zegazi ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Umongo wethambo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomongo wethambo ubukho be-chromosome yaseFiladelphia
• Ubalo lweplatelet

Amayeza ajolise kwiprotheyini engaqhelekanga eyenziwe yi-chromosome yaseFiladelphia ihlala inyango lokuqala lwe-CML. La mayeza anokuthathwa njengeepilisi. Abantu abaphathwa ngala machiza bahlala bexolelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye banokuhlala bexolelwe iminyaka emininzi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ichemotherapy isetyenziswa kuqala ukunciphisa isibalo esimhlophe segazi ukuba siphezulu kakhulu isifo.

Isigaba seengxaki zokuqhuma kunzima kakhulu ukusinyanga. Kungenxa yokuba kukho ukubala okuphezulu kakhulu kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezimhlophe (iiseli zeleukemia) ezinganyangekiyo kunyango.

Olona nyango lwaziwayo lwe-CML kukufakelwa ngomongo wethambo, okanye ukufakelwa kweseli yesitshixo. Uninzi lwabantu, nangona kunjalo, aludingi kufakelwa ngenxa yokuba amayeza ekujoliswe kuwo aphumelele. Xoxa ngezinto onokukhetha kuzo kunye ne-oncologist yakho.

Wena kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo unokufuna ukulawula ezinye izinto ezininzi okanye iinkxalabo ngexesha lokunyanga kwe-leukemia, kuquka:

• Ukulawula izilwanyana zakho ngexesha lekhemotherapy
• Iingxaki zokopha
• Ukutya iikhalori ezaneleyo xa ugula
• Ukudumba kunye neentlungu emlonyeni wakho
• Ukutya okukhuselekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Amayeza ekujoliswe kuwo ayiphucule kakhulu imbonakalo yabantu abane-CML. Xa iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-CML zihamba kwaye ukubala kwegazi kunye nomongo wethambo kubonakala ngathi yinto eqhelekileyo, umntu uthathelwa ingqalelo uxolelo. Uninzi lwabantu lunokuhlala luxolelo kangangeminyaka emininzi ngelixa likweli yeza.

Ukufakwa kweseli okanye umongo wethambo kuhlala kuthathelwa ingqalelo kubantu abanesifo esibuyayo okanye esiba mandundu ngelixa bethatha amayeza okuqala. Ukufakelwa kwakhona kunokucetyiswa kubantu abafunyaniswe kwisigaba esikhawulezayo okanye kwintlekele.

Ingxaki yokuqhuma ingakhokelela kubunzima, kubandakanya usulelo, ukopha, ukudinwa, umkhuhlane ongachazwanga kunye neengxaki zezintso. I-Chemotherapy inokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi, kuxhomekeke kumachiza asetyenzisiweyo.

Kuphephe ukuboniswa yimitha xa kunokwenzeka.

I-CML; Leukemia ezinganyangekiyo myeloid; I-CGL; Ileukemia enganyangekiyo yegranulocytic; Wegazi - granulocytic ezingapheliyo

• Ukutsalwa komongo wethambo - ukukhupha

• Umnqweno wethambo
• I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-myelocytic-umbono omncinci
• I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-myelocytic
• I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-myelocytic

I-Kantarjian H, i-Cortes J. I-leukemia engapheliyo. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 98.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-leukemia olunganyangekiyo olungapheliyo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/cml-kunyanga-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 8, 2019. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 20, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNethiwekhi yeCancer epheleleyo yoMhlaza. Isikhokelo sonyango se-NCCN kwi-oncology: (izikhokelo ze-NCCN). Inguqulelo 3.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cml.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 30, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 23, 2020.

Radich J. Ileukemia engapheliyo ye-myeloid. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 175.