Iziyobisi ezibangelwa sisiyobisi somzimba

Isiyobisi esibangelwa sisiyobisi somzimba esine-hemolytic anemia sisifo segazi esenzeka xa iyeza lenza ukuba ukhuselo lomzimba (amajoni omzimba) ahlasele iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziphuke kwangoko kunesiqhelo, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemolysis.

I-anemia yimeko apho umzimba ungenayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zibonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-120 emzimbeni. Kwi-hemolytic anemia, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa kwangoko kunesiqhelo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ichiza linokubangela amajoni omzimba ukuba enze impazamo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwizinto zangaphandle. Umzimba uphendula ngokwenza izilwa-buhlungu ukuba zihlasele iiseli ezibomvu zomzimba. Amachiza omzimba ancamathele kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye azibangele ukuba zonakale kwangoko.

Iziyobisi ezinokubangela olu hlobo lwe-anemia ye-hemolytic zibandakanya:

• I-Cephalosporins (iklasi ye-antibiotics), esona sizathu siqhelekileyo
• Dapsone
• ILevodopa
• Ilevofloxacin
• IMethyldopa
• INitrofurantoin
• Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezichasayo (i-NSAID)
• IPenicillin kunye neziphumo zayo
• Iphenazopyridine (pyridium)
• Iquinidine

Uhlobo olunqabileyo lokuphazamiseka yi-hemolytic anemia ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Kule meko, ukonakala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kubangelwa luhlobo oluthile loxinzelelo kwiseli.

I-anemia ye-hemolytic eyenziwe ngamachiza inqabile ebantwaneni.

Iimpawu zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Umchamo omnyama
• Ukudinwa
• Umbala wolusu oluthuthu
• Inqanaba lentliziyo elikhawulezayo
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Isikhumba esimthubi kunye namhlophe ngamehlo (jaundice)

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokubonisa ipeni eyandisiweyo. Unokuba novavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukunceda ukufumanisa le meko.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Ukubala okungagungqiyo kwe-reticulocyte ukumisela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyenziwa kumongo wethambo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo
• Ukuvavanya ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ukujonga ukuba ngaba zikhona na izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zife kwangoko
• Amanqanaba e-bilirubin angathanga ngqo ukujonga i-jaundice
• Inani elibomvu leeseli zegazi
• I-serum haptoglobin ukukhangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa kwangoko kakhulu
• I-hemoglobin yomchamo ukujonga i-hemolysis

Ukuyekisa ichiza elibangela ingxaki kunokunciphisa okanye kulawule iimpawu.

Kuya kufuneka uthathe iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-prednisone ukucinezela impendulo yomzimba ngokuchasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Utyando lwegazi olukhethekileyo lunokufuneka ukunyanga iimpawu ezinzima.

Iziphumo zilungile kuninzi lwabantu ukuba bayayeka ukuthatha ichiza elibangela ingxaki.

Ukufa okubangelwa yi-anemia enqabileyo kunqabile.

Jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba uneempawu zale meko.

Kuphephe ichiza ebangele le meko.

I-immune hemolytic anemia yesibini kumachiza; I-anemia - i-immune hemolytic - yesibini kwiziyobisi

• Iintsholongwane

UMichel M. Ukuzenzekelayo kunye ne-intravascular hemolytic anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 160.

Ukuphumelela N, uRichards SJ. Ukufumana i-haemolytic anaemias. Ku: Bain BJ, iBates I, Laffan MA, ii-eds. UDacie kunye noLewis beHematology esebenzayo. Umhla we-12. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 13.