Xa umntwana wakho ezelwe

Ukuzalwa komntwana kuxa umntwana esweleka esibelekweni kwiiveki ezingama-20 zokugqibela zokukhulelwa. Ukuphuphuma kwesisu kukuphulukana nomntwana kwisiqingatha sokuqala sokukhulelwa.

Phantse i-1 kwi-160 yokukhulelwa iphela ngokuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo. Ukuzalwa komntwana kusengaphantsi akuqhelekanga kunangaphambili ngenxa yokhathalelo olungcono lokukhulelwa. Kude kube sisiqingatha sexesha, isizathu sokuzalwa komntwana asizalwa.

Ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela ukuzalwa komntwana zezi:

• Iziphene zokuzalwa
• Iichromosomes ezingaqhelekanga
• Usulelo kumama okanye kumntwana
• Ukwenzakala
• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) lempilo kunina (isifo seswekile, isifo sokuwa, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• Iingxaki nge-placenta ekhusela umntwana ongekhoyo ekufumaneni ukutya (njenge-placental detachment)
• Ukulahleka kwegazi ngesiquphe (ukopha) kunina okanye kwimveku engekazalwa
• Ukumiswa kwentliziyo (ukubanjwa kwentliziyo) kunina okanye kwimveku engekazalwa
• Iingxaki zentambo ye-umbilical

Abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuzalwa kwakhona:

• Badala kuneminyaka eyi-35
• Batyebile
• Baphethe abantwana abaninzi (amawele okanye nangaphezulu)
• Ngaba baseMelika baseMelika
• Ndibe nokuzalwa kwangaphambili
• Ukuba noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo seswekile
• Ngaba unezinye iimeko zonyango (njenge-lupus)
• Thatha iziyobisi

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kusebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuqinisekisa ukuba intliziyo yomntwana iyekile ukubetha. Ukuba impilo yowesifazane isemngciphekweni, kuya kufuneka ahambise umntwana kwangoko. Ngaphandle koko, unokukhetha ukuba amayeza okuqala ukubeleka okanye alinde ukuba abasebenzi baqale bodwa.

Emva kokuhanjiswa, umboneleli uya kujonga kwi-placenta, umbungu, kunye nentambo ye-umbilical yeempawu zeengxaki. Abazali baya kucelwa imvume yokwenza iimvavanyo ezithe kratya. Oku kunokubandakanya iimviwo zangaphakathi (i-autopsy), ii-x-reyi, kunye novavanyo lwemfuzo.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba abazali bazive bengakhululekanga ngezi mvavanyo xa bejongana nokuphulukana nosana. Kodwa ukufunda unobangela wokuzalwa kwakhona kunokunceda owasetyhini ukuba abe nosana olusempilweni kwixa elizayo. Inokunceda abanye abazali bahlangabezane nelahleko yabo ukuze bazi kangangoko banako.

Ukuzalwa komntwana sisiganeko esibuhlungu kusapho. Intlungu yokuphulukana nokukhulelwa inokuphakamisa umngcipheko woxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka. Abantu bajamelana nosizi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kunokuba luncedo ukuthetha nomboneleli wakho okanye umcebisi malunga neemvakalelo zakho. Ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda ngesijwili zezi:

• Nika ingqalelo impilo yakho. Yitya kwaye ulale kakuhle ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale womelele.
• Fumana iindlela zokubonisa iimvakalelo zakho. Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso, ukuthetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo, kunye nokugcina ingxelo zezinye zeendlela zokubonisa usizi.
• Zifundise. Ukufunda malunga nengxaki, onokukwazi ukukwenza, kunye nendlela abanye abantu abaye bahlangabezana ngayo kunokukunceda.
• Zinike ixesha lokuphola. Intlungu yinkqubo. Yamkela ukuba kuyakuthatha ixesha ukuziva ubhetele.

Uninzi lwabasetyhini abaye bazalwa beswelekile kunokwenzeka ukuba banokukhulelwa okunempilo kwixa elizayo. Iingxaki zeplacenta kunye nentambo okanye iziphene ze-chromosome akunakwenzeka ukuba ziphinde zenzeke kwakhona. Ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukuthintela okunye ukuzalwa komntwana zezi:

• Dibana nomcebisi ngemfuzo. Ukuba umntwana usweleke ngenxa yengxaki oyizuze njengelifa, unokufunda ngemingcipheko yakho kwikamva.
• Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Qinisekisa ukuba iingxaki zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo) zempilo ezinjengesifo seswekile zikulawulo olulungileyo. Xelela umboneleli wakho ngawo onke amayeza akho, nkqu nalawo uwathengayo ngaphandle kommiselo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebe kakhulu. Ukutyeba kakhulu kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwakhona. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ulahlekelwe njani ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Sebenzisa imikhwa elungileyo yempilo. Ukutshaya, ukusela nokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezitalatweni kuyingozi xa ukhulelwe. Fumana uncedo lokuyeka ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Fumana ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lokukhulelwa. Abasetyhini abaye bazalwa beswelekile baya kujongwa ngononophelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Basenokufuna iimvavanyo ezizodwa zokujonga ukukhula kunye nokuba sempilweni komntwana wabo.

Fowunela umnikezeli ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

• Ifiva.
• Ukopha kakhulu kwilungu lobufazi.
• Ukugula, ukuphosa, urhudo, okanye iintlungu zesisu.
• Uxinzelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinje ngekhe zikwazi ukumelana noko kwenzekileyo.
• Usana lwakho alushukumi njengesiqhelo. Emva kokutya kwaye ngelixa uhleli uzolile, bala iintshukumo. Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka ulindele ukuba umntwana wakho ahambe amaxesha ali-10 ngeyure.

Ukuzalwa kwakhona; Ukufa komntwana; Ukukhulelwa - ukufa

I-Reddy UM, iSpong CY. Ukuzalwa kwakhona. Ku: Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, ii-eds. I-Creasy kunye neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 45.

USimpson JL, uJauniaux ERM. Ukuphulukana nokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni kunye nokuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo. Ku: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al, ii-eds. I-Obstetrics: Ukukhulelwa okuqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 27.

• Ukuzalwa kwakhona