Unyango ngamayeza

Igama elithi chemotherapy lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iziyobisi ezibulala umhlaza. I-Chemotherapy ingasetyenziselwa:

• Nyanga umhlaza
• Nciphisa umhlaza
• Thintela umhlaza ekusasazekeni
• Ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinokubangelwa ngumhlaza

INDLELA YOKUNIKEZELWA NGOKUTSHINTSHA KOMTSHATO

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza kunye nalapho ufumaneka khona, amayeza e-chemotherapy anokunikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Inaliti okanye ukudubula kwiimisipha
• Inaliti okanye udubulo phantsi kolusu
• Kwimithambo
• Kwimvini (efakwa ngaphakathi, okanye IV)
• Iipilisi ezithathwa ngomlomo
• Ukudubula kulwelo olujikeleze intambo yomqolo okanye ingqondo

Xa i-chemotherapy inikezelwa ixesha elide, i-catheter encinci ingafakwa kumthambo omkhulu kufutshane nentliziyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumgca osembindini. I-catheter ibekwa ngexesha lotyando oluncinci.

Zininzi iintlobo zeecatheters, kubandakanya:

• Icatheter esembindini yemithambo
• I-catheter esembindini ene-port
• Ukufakwa kwetafile (PICC)

Umgca osembindini ungahlala emzimbeni ixesha elide. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ifakwe egazini veki nganye ukuya kunyanga ukuthintela amahlwili egazi ukuba abumbe ngaphakathi kumgca osembindini.

Amachiza e-chemotherapy ahlukeneyo anokunikwa ngaxeshanye okanye emva komnye nomnye. Unyango ngemitha lunokufunyanwa ngaphambi, emva, okanye ngexesha lekhemotherapy.

I-Chemotherapy ihlala inikwa kwimijikelo. Le mijikelo inokuhlala usuku olu-1, iintsuku ezininzi, okanye iiveki ezimbalwa okanye nangaphezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kubakho ixesha lokuphumla xa kungekho chemotherapy enikwa phakathi komjikelo ngamnye. Ixesha lokuphumla linokuhlala kangangeentsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Oku kuvumela ukubala komzimba kunye negazi ngaphambi kokufumana idosi elandelayo.

Rhoqo, ichemotherapy inikezelwa kwiklinikhi ekhethekileyo okanye esibhedlele. Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukufumana ichemotherapy emakhayeni abo. Ukuba kunikwa i-chemotherapy ekhaya, abongikazi bezempilo ekhaya baya kunceda amayeza kunye nee-IVs. Umntu ofumana ichemotherapy kunye namalungu osapho lwabo baya kufumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo.

IINTLOBO EZAHLUKENEYO ZOBOMO BUKAMOYA

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zekhemotherapy zibandakanya:

• I-chemotherapy esemgangathweni, esebenza ngokubulala iiseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli ezithile eziqhelekileyo.
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo kunye ne-immunotherapy zero kwiithagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli) ngaphakathi okanye kwiiseli zomhlaza.

IZIPHUMO ZEENKQUBO ZOKUTSHINTSHWA KWEEMEDI

Kuba la mayeza ahamba egazini ukuya emzimbeni wonke, ichemotherapy ichazwa njengonyango lomzimba wonke.

Ngenxa yoko, ichemotherapy inokonakalisa okanye ibulale iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya iiseli zomongo wethambo, ii-follicles zeenwele, kunye neeseli kuludwe lomlomo kunye nendawo yokugaya ukutya.

Xa lo monakalo usenzeka, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Abanye abantu abafumana ichemotherapy:

• Banokuba nosulelo
• Yiba nokudinwa ngokulula
• Ukopha kakhulu, nakwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla
• Yiva iintlungu okanye ubundindisholo kumonakalo wemithambo-luvo
• Unomlomo owomileyo, izilonda zomlomo, okanye ukudumba emlonyeni
• Unomdla wokutya okanye unciphise umzimba
• Yiba nesisu esibuhlungu, ukugabha, okanye urhudo
• Zilahlekelwe ziinwele
• Unengxaki yokucinga kunye nenkumbulo ("chemo brain")

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zekhemotherapy zixhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lomhlaza kunye nokuba zeziphi iziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo. Umntu ngamnye usabela ngokwahlukileyo kula machiza. Amanye amayeza amatsha e-chemotherapy ajolise ngcono kwiiseli zomhlaza kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa okanye ezahlukeneyo.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukucacisela ngento onokuyenza ekhaya ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. La manyathelo abandakanya:

• Ukulumka nezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezinye izilwanyana ukunqanda ukubamba usulelo kuzo
• Ukutya iikhalori ezaneleyo kunye neeprotheyini ukugcina ubunzima bakho buphezulu
• Ukuthintela ukopha, nokuba wenzeni ukuba ukopha kuyenzeka
• Ukutya nokusela ngokukhuselekileyo
• Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo ngesepha namanzi

Uya kudinga ukutyelelwa ngokulandelelana kunye nomboneleli wakho ngexesha nasemva kokunyanga ngamayeza. Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-x-reyi, i-MRI, i-CT, okanye i-PET scan iya kwenziwa:

• Jonga indlela esebenza ngayo ikhemotherapy
• Jonga umonakalo wentliziyo, imiphunga, izintso, igazi kunye namanye amalungu omzimba

Umhlaza ichemotherapy; Unyango lweziyobisi zomhlaza; Unyango lweCytotoxic chemotherapy

• Emva kwe-chemotherapy - ukukhutshwa
• I-Chemotherapy -yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• Inkqubo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela

UCollins JM. I-pharmacology yomhlaza. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 25.

UDoroshow JH. Sondela kwisigulana esinomhlaza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. I-Chemotherapy ukunyanga umhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Epreli 29, 2015. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 5, 2020.