Ukubetha

Ukubetha kwenzeka xa ukuphuma kwegazi kwinxalenye yengqondo kuyekile. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo ngamanye amaxesha ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba "kukuhlaselwa yingqondo."

Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kunqunyulwa ixesha elide kunemizuzwana embalwa, ingqondo ayinakufumana izakhamzimba kunye neoksijini. Iiseli zobuchopho zinokufa, zibangele umonakalo ongapheliyo.

Istroke sinokwenzeka ukuba isitya segazi ngaphakathi kwengqondo siyaphuma, esikhokelela ekopheni ngaphakathi entlokweni.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zestroke:

• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo esibuhlungu

Ischemic stroke senzeka xa isitya segazi esibonelela ngegazi kwingqondo sivaliwe ligazi.Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Ihlwili linokuvela kumthambo osele umncinci kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-thrombotic stroke.
• Ihlwili linokuqhawuka kwenye indawo kwimithambo yegazi yobuchopho, okanye kwelinye ilungu lomzimba, linyukele kwingqondo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cerebral embolism, okanye ukubetha okungumbungu.

Imivumbo yeschemic nayo inokubangelwa yinto encangathi ebizwa ngokuba yiplaque enokuvala imithambo.

Isibetho esophulayo senzeka xa umthambo wegazi kwinxalenye yengqondo uba buthathaka kwaye ugqabhuke uvuleke. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi lingene kwingqondo. Abanye abantu baneziphene kwimithambo yegazi yengqondo eyenza oku kube lula. Ezi ziphene zinokubandakanya:

• I-Aneurysm (indawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi obangela ukuba umthambo wegazi uphume okanye ibhaluni)
• I-arteriovenous malformation (AVM; unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi kwemithambo kunye nemithambo)
• I-cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; imeko apho iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zii-amyloid zakha phezu kweendonga zemithambo engqondweni)

Imivimbo enesifo inokuphinda yenzeke xa umntu ethatha abacoci gazi, abanjenge warfarin (Coumadin). Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi iqhume, okukhokelela kwisifo sokopha.

I-stroke ye-ischemic inokukhula ukuphuma kwegazi kwaye ibe sisifo esibuhlungu.

Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni wokubetha. Ezinye izinto eziphambili zomngcipheko zezi:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga, okubizwa ngokuba yi-atrial fibrillation
• Seswekile
• Imbali yosapho yokubetha
• Ukuba yindoda
• Cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukwanda kweminyaka, ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-55
• Ubuhlanga (abantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunokwenzeka ukuba babulawe sistroke)
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Imbali yokubetha kwangaphambili okanye ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okwethutyana (kwenzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuye kwinxalenye yengqondo kuyeka ixesha elifutshane)

Umngcipheko westroke nawo uphezulu kwi:

• Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo okanye ukuhamba kakubi kwegazi emilenzeni yabo kubangelwa yimithambo emxinwa
• Abantu abanendlela yokuphila engafanelekanga njengokutshaya, ukusebenzisa kakhulu utywala, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ukuzonwabisa, ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu, kunye nokuswela umthambo
• Abasetyhini abathatha iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa (ngakumbi abo batshayayo nabadala kunama-35)
• Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banomngcipheko okhulayo ngelixa bekhulelwe
• Abasetyhini abathatha unyango endaweni yehomoni
• I-Patent foramen ovale (PFO), umngxuma phakathi kwe-atria yasekhohlo nasekunene (amagumbi aphezulu) entliziyo

Iimpawu zestroke zixhomekeke kweliphi icala lengqondo elonakalisiweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu usenokungazi ukuba ukubetha kwenzekile.

Uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu zikhula ngesiquphe nangaphandle kwesilumkiso. Kodwa iimpawu zinokwenzeka kwaye zicime usuku lokuqala okanye ezimbini. Iimpawu zihlala zibi kakhulu xa kuqala ukubetha, kodwa zinokuya zisiba mandundu.

Intloko inokwenzeka ukuba ukubetha kubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi kwingqondo. Intloko:

• Iqala ngequbuliso kwaye inokuba nzima
• Isenokuba mandundu xa ulele phantsi
• Ukuvusa ebuthongweni
• Iya iba mbi ngakumbi xa utshintsha indawo okanye xa ugoba, uxinzelela okanye ukhohlela

Ezinye iimpawu zixhomekeke kwindlela esibuhlungu ngayo isifo, kwaye leliphi icandelo lengqondo elichaphazelekayo. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Guqula ukulumka (kubandakanya ukulala, ukungabikho zingqondweni, kunye nokudinwa)
• Utshintsho kwindlebe okanye incasa
• Utshintsho oluchaphazela ukubamba kunye nokukwazi ukuziva iintlungu, uxinzelelo, okanye amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo
• Ukudideka okanye ukulahleka kwememori
• Iingxaki zokuginya
• Iingxaki zokubhala okanye ukufunda
• Isiyezi okanye uvakalelo olungaqhelekanga lokuhamba (i-vertigo)
• Iingxaki zamehlo, njengokuncipha kombono, umbono ophindwe kabini, okanye ukulahleka okupheleleyo kombono
• Ukunqongophala kolawulo kwisinyi okanye emathunjini
• Ukuphulukana nokulingana okanye ukulungelelanisa, okanye ukuhamba nzima
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha ebusweni, engalweni, okanye emlenzeni (ngesiqhelo kwicala elinye)
• Ubudenge okanye ukurhawuzelela kwelinye icala lomzimba
• Ubuntu, imo, okanye utshintsho lweemvakalelo
• Ingxaki yokuthetha okanye ukuqonda abanye abathethayo

Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ku:

• Jonga iingxaki ngombono, ukuhamba, ukuziva, ukucinga, ukuqonda nokuthetha. Ugqirha wakho kunye nabongikazi baya kuphinda olu vavanyo ngokuhamba kwexesha ukubona ukuba ukubetha kwakho kuya kusiba mandundu okanye kuyaphucuka.
• Mamela kwimithambo ye-carotid esentanyeni ene-stethoscope yesandi esingaqhelekanga, esibizwa ngokuba yi-bruit, esibangelwa kukuhamba kwegazi okungaqhelekanga.
• Khangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Unokuba novavanyo olulandelayo ukukunceda ufumane uhlobo, indawo, kunye nesizathu sokubetha kunye nokulawula ezinye iingxaki:

• Ukuvavanywa kwengqondo kwe-CT ukufumanisa ukuba akukho gazi na
• I-MRI yengqondo ukumisela indawo yokubetha
• I-Angiogram yentloko ukukhangela umthambo wegazi othintelweyo okanye opha
• I-Carotid duplex (ultrasound) ukubona ukuba imithambo ye-carotid entanyeni yakho inciphile na
• I-Echocardiogram ukubona ukuba ukubetha kungabangelwa ligazi elivela entliziyweni
• I-Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) okanye i-CT angiography ukujonga imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga kwingqondo

Olunye uvavanyo lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ukumisela ukuba kukho ukuxhuzula
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) kunye nokubeka iliso kwisingqi sentliziyo

Ukubethwa ngumzimba yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Unyango olukhawulezileyo luyafuneka. Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo kwangoko okanye ufune unyango olukhawulezileyo kwiimpawu zokuqala zestroke.

Abantu abaneempawu zestroke kufuneka bafike esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukuba ukubethwa sisifo kubangelwe ligazi, ichiza elinokuqhekeka linokunikwa ukuba lichithe iqokobhe.
• Ukuze lusebenze kakuhle, olu nyango kufuneka luqale ngaphakathi kweeyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4/2 xa kuqale iimpawu. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba olu unyango luqalisiwe, ngcono ithuba lesiphumo esihle.

Olunye unyango olunikwa esibhedlele luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokubetha. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• Izicoci zegazi ezinje ngeparparin, warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, okanye clopidogrel (Plavix)
• Iyeza lokulawula umngcipheko, njengoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu
• Iinkqubo ezizodwa okanye uqhaqho ukunciphisa iimpawu okanye ukuthintela ukubetha okungaphezulu
• Izondlo kunye neencindi

Unyango lomzimba, unyango lwasemsebenzini, unyango lwentetho, kunye nonyango lokuginya konke kuya kuqala esibhedlele. Ukuba umntu uneengxaki ezinzima zokugwinya, ityhubhu yokondla esiswini (ityhubhu yegastrostomy) iya kufuneka.

Injongo yonyango emva kokubetha kukukunceda ukuba uphinde ufumane umsebenzi omninzi kangangoko kwaye unqande ukubetha okuzayo.

Ukuchacha emva kokubethwa sisibetho kuya kuqala ngelixa usesibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Iya kuqhubeka xa ugoduka usuka esibhedlele okanye kwiziko. Qiniseka ukuba ulandelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo emva kokuba ugodukile.

Inkxaso kunye nezixhobo ziyafumaneka kwiAmerican Stroke Association - www.stroke.org/en/help-and-support.

Indlela umntu ayenza kakuhle ngayo emva kokubetha ixhomekeke:

• Uhlobo lwesifo
• Zingakanani izicwili zobuchopho ezonakalisiweyo
• Yeyiphi imisebenzi yomzimba echaphazelekayo
• Unikwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani unyango

Iingxaki zokuhamba, ukucinga nokuthetha zihlala ziphucula kwiiveki ukuya kwiinyanga emva kokubetha.

Uninzi lwabantu abaye banesifo sokuhlaselwa sisifo baya kuhlala bephucula kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka emva kokubetha kwabo.

Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabantu abanestroke bayakwazi ukusebenza kwaye bahlala ekhaya. Abanye abakwazi ukuzinyamekela.

Ukuba unyango ngamachiza okuqhekeza luyaphumelela, iimpawu zestroke zinokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, abantu bahlala bengenzi esibhedlele kwakamsinya ngokwaneleyo ukufumana la machiza, okanye abanakho ukuwathatha la machiza ngenxa yempilo.

Abantu abanestroke esivela kwigazi (ischemic stroke) banethuba elingcono lokusinda kunabo banestroke ekuphumeni kwegazi kwingqondo (isifo esibuhlungu).

Umngcipheko wesibetho sesibini uphezulu kakhulu kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga emva kokubetha okokuqala. Umngcipheko uqala ukwehla emva kweli xesha.

Ukubethwa sisibetho yingxakeko yezonyango efuna ukunyangwa ngoko nangoko. Isifinyezo se-F.A.S.T. yindlela elula yokukhumbula iimpawu zestroke kunye nento onokuyenza ukuba ucinga ukuba isifo senzekile. Elona nyathelo libalulekileyo ekufuneka ulithathile kukutsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yalapho kwangoko ngoncedo olungxamisekileyo.

Umhlobo Wenene FM imele i:

• BUSO. Cela loo mntu ancume. Jonga ukuba elinye icala lobuso lijikile.
• IINKONZO. Cela umntu ukuba aphakamise zombini iingalo. Jonga ukuba ingalo enye iye yaya ezantsi.
• INTETHO. Cela loo mntu ukuba aphinde isivakalisi esilula. Jonga ukuba amagama akwenziwanga kakuhle kwaye ukuba isivakalisi siphindaphindwe ngokuchanekileyo.
• IXESHA. Ukuba umntu ubonakalisa nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ixesha libalulekile. Kubalulekile ukufika esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo. Umthetho

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-stroke kunciphisa amathuba okuba ube nesifo.

Isifo se-cerebrovascular; CVA; Ubuchwephesha bengqondo; Ukopha ebuchotsheni; Ischemic stroke; Ukubetha - ischemic; Ingozi yeCerebrovascular; Stroke - ukopha; Umthambo weCarotid - ukubetha

• I-Angioplasty kunye nokubekwa kwindawo entle-umthambo we-carotid-ukukhutshwa
• Ukusebenza xa unesifo senhliziyo
• Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Ibhotolo, imajarini neeoli zokupheka
• Ukunyamekela ukuxhamla kwemisipha okanye i-spasms
• Utyando lweCarotid-ukukhutshwa
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-aphasia
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-dysarthria
• Ukuqunjelwa - ukuzikhathalela
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokuqhuba
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-indlela yokuziphatha kunye neengxaki zokulala
• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo-ukhathalelo lwemihla ngemihla
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-ukugcina sikhuselekile ekhaya
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantu abadala
• Intloko-yintoni ekufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu- yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthintela ukuwa
• Stroke - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuginya iingxaki

• Ingqondo
• ICarotid stenosis -I-X-ray yomthambo wasekhohlo
• ICarotid stenosis -I-X-ray yomthambo olungileyo
• Ukubetha
• Umsebenzi weBrainstem
• I-cerebellum - umsebenzi
• Isangqa sikaWillis
• Ikhonkco lobuchopho lasekhohlo- umsebenzi
• I-hemisphere yasekunene ye-cerebral-umsebenzi
• I-Endarterectomy
• Ukwakhiwa kweplaque kwimithambo
• Stroke - uthotho
• Ukuqhekeka kweCarotid

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