Ithumba lobuchopho - abantwana

Ithumba lobuchopho liqela (lobunzima) beeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula kwingqondo.

Eli nqaku ligxile kumathumba aphambili ebuchotsheni ebantwaneni.

Unobangela wamathumba ebuchopho aphambili kuhlala ungaziwa. Ezinye izicubu zobuchopho eziphambili zinxulunyaniswa nezinye iisyndromes okanye zinotyekelo lokubaleka kusapho:

• Awunomdlavuza (ubungozi)
• Ukuhlasela (ukusasazeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane)
• Umhlaza (umbi)

Izidumbu zobuchopho zihlelwa ngokwe:

• Indawo ngqo yethumba
• Uhlobo lwethishu ebandakanyekayo
• Nokuba ngumhlaza

Amathumba ebongo anokuzitshabalalisa ngqo iiseli zobuchopho. Banokonakalisa ngokungangqalanga iiseli ngokutyhala kwamanye amalungu engqondo. Oku kukhokelela kukudumba kunye nokunyusa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi.

Amathumba anokuvela nangaliphi na ixesha. Amathumba amaninzi aqheleke kakhulu kwiminyaka ethile. Ngokubanzi, amathumba engqondo ebantwaneni anqabile.

IINTLOBO ZESIHLOBO ZESIQHELO

I-Astrocytomas ihlala ingenamhlaza, ithumba elikhula kancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo zikhula kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-8. Ikwabizwa ngokuba zii-gliomas ezikudidi olusezantsi, ezi zezona zilonda zixhaphakileyo zobuchopho ebantwaneni.

I-Medulloblastomas lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wobuchopho ebuntwaneni. Uninzi lwe-medulloblastomas lwenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-10.

I-Ependymomas luhlobo lobunzima bengqondo ebuntwaneni obunokuba nobungozi (obungenomdlavuza) okanye obubi (umhlaza).Indawo kunye nohlobo lwe-ependymoma zichonga uhlobo lonyango olufunekayo ukulawula ithumba.

I-Brainstem gliomas zizidumbu ezinqabileyo kakhulu ezenzeka phantse kuphela kubantwana. Umndilili weminyaka abakhula ngayo umalunga ne-6.Ithumba linokukhula likhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokubangela iimpawu.

Iimpawu zinokuba zikhohlakala kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zisiba mandundu, okanye zinokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.

Intloko zihlala ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abantwana abaneentloko banesifo sethumba. Iipateni zentloko ezinokuthi zenzeke ngamathumba obuchopho zibandakanya:

• Intloko ezibi kakhulu xa uvuka ekuseni kwaye uhambe zingaphelanga iiyure ezimbalwa
• Intloko eziba mandundu ngokukhohlela okanye ukwenza umthambo, okanye ngokutshintsha komzimba
• Intloko ezenzeka xa ulele kwaye ubuncinci ezinye iimpawu ezinjengokugabha okanye ukudideka

Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu kuphela zamathumba obuchopho ziinguqu zengqondo, ezinokubandakanya:

• Utshintsho kubuntu nakwindlela yokuziphatha
• Ayikwazi kugxila
• Ukwanda kokulala
• Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo
• Iingxaki ngokuqiqa

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho zezi:

• Ukugabha okungachazwanga rhoqo
• Ukuphulukana kancinci nokuhamba okanye ukuziva ngengalo okanye emlenzeni
• Ukuva ilahleko kunye okanye ngaphandle kwesiyezi
• Ubunzima bokuthetha
• Ingxaki yombono engalindelekanga (ngakumbi ukuba iyenzeka ngentloko), kubandakanya ukulahleka kombono (ngesiqhelo umbono wombono) kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo, okanye umbono ophindwe kabini
• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela
• Ukuba buthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Iintsana zinokuba nale miqondiso ilandelayo:

• Ubungakanani befonti
• Ukwandiswa kwamehlo
• Akukho reflex ebomvu kwiliso
• Ingqondo efanelekileyo yeBabinski
• Ukwahlulahlula iisuture

Abantwana abakhulileyo abanezicubu zobuchopho banokuba nezi mpawu okanye iimpawu zomzimba zilandelayo:

• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuhlanza
• Umbono utshintsha
• Sitshintsha indlela ahamba ngayo umntwana
• Ubuthathaka belungu elithile lomzimba
• Ukuthambeka kwentloko

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ithumba lobuchopho kunye nokuchonga indawo ekuyo:

• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT
• I-MRI yengqondo
• Uvavanyo lwe-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Unyango luxhomekeke kubungakanani nohlobo lwethumba kunye nempilo yomntwana ngokubanzi. Iinjongo zonyango kunokuba kukunyanga ithumba, ukunciphisa iimpawu, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo okanye ukonwaba komntwana.

Utyando luyafuneka ikakhulu kwizifo zengqondo zokuqala. Amanye amathumba asuswe ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko apho ithumba lingenakususwa, utyando lunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. I-Chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lungasetyenziselwa izicubu ezithile.

Oku kulandelayo kunyango lweentlobo ezithile zamathumba:

• I-Astrocytoma: Utyando lokususa ithumba lolona nyango luphambili. I-Chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation lunokuba yimfuneko.
• I-Brainstem gliomas: Utyando alunakwenzeka ngenxa yendawo yethumba nzulu kwingqondo. Imitha isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithumba kunye nokwandisa ubomi. Ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy ekujoliswe kuyo ingasetyenziswa.
• I-Ependymomas: Unyango lubandakanya utyando. Imitha kunye nekhemotherapy kungafuneka.
• I-Medulloblastomas: Utyando lodwa alulunyangi olu hlobo lwethumba. I-Chemotherapy kunye okanye ngaphandle kwemitha ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa notyando.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abanezicubu zengqondo zokuqala zibandakanya:

• ICorticosteroids yokunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo
• I-diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi) ukunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo kunye noxinzelelo
• Anticonvulsants ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukuxhuzula
• Amayeza entlungu
• I-Chemotherapy ukunceda ukunciphisa ithumba okanye ukuthintela ithumba ekukhuleni kwakhona

Amanyathelo okuthuthuzela, amanyathelo okhuseleko, unyango lomzimba, unyango lwasemsebenzini, kunye namanye amanyathelo anokufuneka ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda wena nomntwana wakho ukuba niziva ningeyedwa.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntwana kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya nohlobo lwethumba. Ngokubanzi, malunga nabantwana aba-3 kwaba-4 baphila ubuncinci kwiminyaka emi-5 emva kokufunyanwa.

Ingqondo yexesha elide kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yesifo zinokubangelwa sisisu ngokwaso okanye kunyango. Abantwana banokuba neengxaki ngokujonga, ukugxila, okanye inkumbulo. Banokuba neengxaki zokulungisa ulwazi, ukucwangcisa, ukuqonda, okanye inyathelo lokuqala okanye umnqweno wokwenza izinto.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala esi-7, ngakumbi abancinci kuneminyaka emi-3, babonakala ngathi basemngciphekweni omkhulu kwezi ngxaki.

Abazali kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abantwana bafumana iinkonzo zenkxaso ekhaya nasezikolweni.

Tsalela umnxeba ukuba umntwana uvela entloko engahambiyo okanye ezinye iimpawu zethumba lobuchopho.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba umntwana uvelisa nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ubuthathaka bomzimba
• Guqula isimilo
• Intloko ebuhlungu yesizathu esingaziwayo
• Ukuhluthwa kwesizathu esingaziwayo
• Umbono utshintsha
• Utshintsho kwintetho

Glioblastoma multiforme - abantwana; Ependymoma - abantwana; IGlioma - abantwana; Astrocytoma - abantwana; IMedulloblastoma - abantwana; Neuroglioma - abantwana; Oligodendroglioma - abantwana; Meningioma - abantwana; Umhlaza-ithumba lobuchopho (abantwana)

• Imitha yobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• I-Chemotherapy -yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Unyango ngemitha- imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• Ingqondo
• Ithumba lobuchopho eliphambili

I-Kieran MW, i-Chi SN, iManley PE, okqhubekayo. Ukudumba kwengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo. Ku: Orkin SH, Fisher DE, Ginsburg D, Jonga AT, Lux SE, Nathan DG, eds. UNathan kunye no-Oski's Hematology kunye ne-Oncology yoBusana kunye noBuntwana. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 57.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ingqondo yobuntwana kunye ne-spinal cord tumors yokujonga unyango (PDQ): inguqulelo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-brain-kunyanga-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2 ka-Agasti ka-2017. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 26, 2019.

UZaky W, Ater JL, Khatua S.Izilonda zobuchopho ebuntwaneni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 524.