Mononeuropathy

I-Mononeuropathy ingumonakalo kwi-nerve enye, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nentshukumo, uvakalelo, okanye omnye umsebenzi wale nerve.

I-Mononeuropathy luhlobo lomonakalo kwimithambo-luvo engaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo (peripheral neuropathy).

I-Mononeuropathy idla ngokubangelwa kukulimala. Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba uphela (ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo) nazo zinokubangela ukonakala kwentliziyo.

Uxinzelelo lwexesha elide kwi-nerve ngenxa yokuvuvukala okanye yokwenzakala kunokubangela mononeuropathy. Ukugqunywa kwemithambo-luvo (i-myelin sheath) okanye inxenye yeseli ye-nerve (i-axon) inokonakala. Lo monakalo ucotha okanye uthintela imiqondiso ekuhambeni ngee-nerves ezonakeleyo.

I-Mononeuropathy inokubandakanya naliphi na ilungu lomzimba. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-mononeuropathy zibandakanya:

• I-axillary nerve dysfunction (ukuphulukana nentshukumo okanye uvakalelo egxalabeni)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo (ukulahleka kwentshukumo okanye uvakalelo kunyawo nasemlenzeni)
• I-Carpal tunnel syndrome (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-kubandakanya ukungabinamandla, ukubetha, ubuthathaka, okanye ukonakala kwemisipha esandleni nasemnweni)
• I-cranial mononeuropathy III, IV, uxinzelelo okanye uhlobo lweswekile
• I-cranial mononeuropathy VI (umbono ophindwe kabini)
• I-cranial mononeuropathy VII (ukukhubazeka ebusweni)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo yabasetyhini (ukuphulukana nentshukumo okanye uvakalelo kwinxalenye yomlenze)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo (iingxaki zokuhamba engalweni nasesihlahleni kunye nemvakalelo ngasemva kwengalo okanye kwesandla)
• I-Sciatic nerve dysfunction (ingxaki ngeemisipha zomqolo wamadolo kunye nomlenze ongezantsi, kunye nokuva ngasemva kwethanga, inxalenye yomlenze ongezantsi, kunye nonyawo kuphela)
• I-Ulnar nerve dysfunction (i-cubital tunnel syndrome-kubandakanya ukubindeka, ukubetha, ubuthathaka bengaphandle nangaphantsi kwengalo, isundu, iringi kunye neminwe emincinci)

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwi-nerve ethile echaphazelekayo, kwaye inokubandakanya:

• Ukuphulukana nemvakalelo
• Ukukhubazeka
• Ukulinganisa, ukutshisa, iintlungu, iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga
• Ubuthathaka

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajolise kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Imbali yezonyango eneenkcukacha iyafuneka ukumisela unobangela wokuphazamiseka.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• I-Electromyogram (EMG) ukujonga umsebenzi wombane kwiimisipha
• Uvavanyo lokuqhutywa kwemithambo (NCV) ukujonga isantya sombane kwimithambo-luvo
• I-ultrasound yemithambo ukujonga imithambo-luvo
• I-X-ray, i-MRI okanye i-CT scan ukufumana umbono opheleleyo wendawo echaphazelekayo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-biopsy yamathambo (kwimeko ye-mononeuropathy ngenxa ye-vasculitis)
• Uviwo lweCSF
• Ulusu lwe-biopsy

Injongo yonyango kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise ilungu lomzimba elichaphazelekayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ezinye iimeko zonyango zenza ukuba iimbilini zithande ukulimala. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye neswekile zinokwenzakalisa umthambo, onokuthi uchaphazele inzwa enye. Ke, imeko esisiseko kufuneka inyangwe.

Unyango olunokubandakanya kunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ngaphezulu kweepilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu, ezinje ngamayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu
• Ukudakumba, ii-anticonvulsants, kunye namayeza afanayo kwiintlungu ezingapheliyo
• Inaliti amayeza steroid ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye noxinzelelo luvo
• Utyando lokukhulula uxinzelelo kwi-nerve
• Ukunyanga ngokwasemzimbeni ukugcina amandla emisipha
• Iibreyisi, iziqwenga, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokunceda ngokuhamba
• I-transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) yokuphucula iintlungu zemithambo-luvo ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile

I-Mononeuropathy inokukhubaza kwaye ibuhlungu. Ukuba unobangela wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo unokufunyanwa kwaye unyangwe ngempumelelo, ukubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo kunokwenzeka kwezinye iimeko.

Iintlungu zemithambo-luvo zinokungonwabi kwaye zihlala ixesha elide.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukukhubazeka, ukulahleka komzimba
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza
• Ukulimala okuphindaphindiweyo okanye okungabonakaliyo kwindawo echaphazelekayo ngenxa yokungabikho kwemizwa

Ukuthintela uxinzelelo okanye ukwenzakala okungathethekiyo kunokuthintela iindlela ezininzi zokujonga imeko ngendlela enye. Ukunyanga iimeko ezinje ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi okanye isifo seswekile nako kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa imeko.

Neuropathy; Mone yedwa

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system

IZiko leLizwe leengxaki zeNeological kunye newebhusayithi yeStroke. Iphepha elingu-peripheral neuropathy sheet. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 16, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 20, 2020.

USmith G, uneentloni MNA. Imida ye-neuropathies. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 392.

Ikhephu DC, iBunney EB. Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2018: isahluko 97.