I-mononeuropathy eninzi

Uninzi lwe-mononeuropathy yinkqubo ye-luvo ebandakanya ukonakala kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo. I-Neuropathy kuthetha ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo.

Uninzi lwe-mononeuropathy luhlobo lomonakalo kwenye okanye kwimithambo yoluvo. Le yimithambo-luvo engaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo. Liqela leempawu (isifo), hayi isifo.

Nangona kunjalo, izifo ezithile zinokubangela ukonzakala okanye ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo ekhokelela kwiimpawu ze-mononeuropathy ezininzi. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Izifo zemithambo yegazi efana ne-polyarteritis nodosa
• Izifo ezinxulumene nezicubu ezinje nge-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-systemic lupus erythematosus (esona sizathu siqhelekileyo ebantwaneni)
• Seswekile

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• I-Amyloidosis, ulwakhiwo olungaqhelekanga lweeproteni kwizicwili nakwizitho zomzimba
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (njenge-hypereosinophilia kunye ne-cryoglobulinemia)
• Usulelo olufana nesifo seLyme, i-HIV / AIDS, okanye i-hepatitis
• Iqhenqa
• I-Sarcoidosis, ukudumba kwe-lymph node, imiphunga, isibindi, amehlo, ulusu, okanye ezinye izicubu
• Isifo seSjögren, isifo apho amadlala avelisa iinyembezi kunye namathe atshatyalaliswa
• I-Granulomatosis kunye ne-polyangiitis, ukuvuvukala kwesitya segazi

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwimithambo-luvo ethile ebandakanyekayo, kwaye inokubandakanya:

• Ukuphulukana nesinyi okanye ukulawula amathumbu
• Ukuphulukana nemvakalelo kwindawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomzimba
• Ukukhubazeka kwindawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomzimba
• Ukulinganisa, ukutshisa, iintlungu, okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwindawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomzimba
• Ubuthathaka kwindawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomzimba

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu, egxile kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Ukufumanisa esi sifo, kuhlala kukho iingxaki nge-2 okanye ngaphezulu kwemimandla ye-nerve engahambelaniyo. Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zezi:

• I-axillary nerve kuyo nayiphi na ingalo kunye negxalaba
• I-nerone eqhelekileyo yomlenze kumlenze ongezantsi
• Imithambo esembindini esembindini ukuya kwisandla
• Iimbilini zobufazi ethangeni
• I-Radial nerve kwingalo
• Inzululwazi yeSciatic emva komlenze
• I-ulnar nerve kwingalo

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• I-Electromyogram (EMG, urekhodo lomsebenzi wombane kwimisipha)
• I-biopsy yamathambo ukuphonononga isiqwenga semithambo-luvo phantsi kwemicroscope
• Uvavanyo lokuqhutywa kwemithambo yokulinganisa ukukhawuleza kweempembelelo zemithambo-luvo ezihamba ecaleni kwentliziyo
• Ukujonga iimvavanyo, ezinje ngee-x-reyi

Uvavanyo lwegazi olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Iphaneli yeantinuclear antibody (ANA)
• Uvavanyo lwekhemesti yegazi
• Iprotheyini esebenzayo yeC
• Ukujonga imifanekiso
• Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa
• Into yeRheumatoid
• Inqanaba lentlenga
• Uvavanyo lwe-thyroid
• X-reyi

Iinjongo zonyango zezi:

• Nyanga isigulo esibangela ingxaki, ukuba kunokwenzeka
• Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yokuxhasa ukuzimela
• Iimpawu zolawulo

Ukuphucula ukuzimela, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Unyango emsebenzini
• Uncedo lwamathambo (umzekelo, isitulo esinamavili, izihlangu zezilima ezidityanisiweyo, izihlwitha)
• Unyango ngokwasemzimbeni (umzekelo, ukuzilolonga nokuzilolonga kwakhona ukwandisa amandla emisipha)
• Unyango lomsebenzi wobugcisa

Ukhuseleko lubalulekile kubantu abaneemvakalelo okanye iingxaki zentshukumo. Ukunqongophala kolawulo lwemisipha kunye nokuhla kwemvakalelo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuwa okanye wokonzakala. Amanyathelo okhuseleko aquka:

• Ukuba nezibane ezaneleyo (ezinjengokushiya izibane ebusuku)
• Ukufaka uloliwe
• Ukususa izithintelo (ezinje ngeerugs ezikhululekileyo ezinokutyibilika phantsi)
• Ukuvavanywa kobushushu bamanzi ngaphambi kokuhlamba
• Ukunxiba izihlangu zokhuselo (akukho nzwane zivulekileyo okanye izithende eziphakamileyo)

Qwalasela izihlangu rhoqo ukuba akukho grit okanye amabala arhabaxa anokulimaza iinyawo.

Abantu abanolwazelelo oluncitshisiweyo kufuneka bajonge iinyawo zabo (okanye enye indawo echaphazelekayo) rhoqo ukufumana imivumbo, iindawo ezivulekileyo zolusu, okanye ukonzakala okunokuthi kungabonakali. Oku kwenzakala kunokuba nokosuleleka ngenxa yokuba iintlungu zalapha azibonisi ukwenzakala.

Abantu abane-mononeuropathy ezininzi bathambekele kukonzakala kwemithambo-luvo kwindawo zoxinzelelo ezinje ngamadolo kunye neengqiniba. Kuya kufuneka bakuphephe ukubeka uxinzelelo kwezi ndawo, umzekelo, ngokungoyami kwiingqiniba, ukuwela emadolweni, okanye ukubamba iindawo ezifanayo ixesha elide.

Amayeza anokunceda kubandakanya:

• I-counter-counter okanye i-prescription pain drugs
• I-Antiseizure okanye i-anti-depressant drug ukunciphisa iintlungu zokuhlaba

Ukuchacha okupheleleyo kunokwenzeka ukuba unobangela ufunyenwe kwaye wanyangwa, kwaye ukuba umonakalo we-nerve ulinganiselwe. Abanye abantu abanaziphene. Abanye banelahleko epheleleyo okanye epheleleyo yokuhamba, ukusebenza, okanye imvakalelo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukukhubazeka, ukulahleka kwezicubu okanye izihlunu
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yamalungu
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza
• Ukulimala okuphindaphindiweyo okanye okungabonakaliyo kwindawo echaphazelekayo ngenxa yokungabikho kwemizwa
• Iingxaki zobudlelwane ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile

Tsalela umnxeba umboneleli wakho ukuba ubona iimpawu ze-mononeuropathy ezininzi.

Amanyathelo othintelo axhomekeke kwisifo esithile. Umzekelo, nesifo seswekile, ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokugcina ulawulo olomeleleyo lweswekile yegazi kunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-mononeuropathy eninzi ekuphuhliseni.

Multiplex mononeuritis; Ukuphindaphinda mononeuropathy; I-multifocal neuropathy; Umda we-neuropathy-mononeuritis multiplex

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-peripheral system

Katirji B.Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yoluvo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2016: isahluko 107.

USmith G, uneentloni MNA. Imida ye-neuropathies. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 392.