Ingxubusho

Ingxubusho inokwenzeka xa intloko ibetha into, okanye into ehambayo ibetha entloko. Ingxubusho luhlobo oluncinci lokulimala kwengqondo. Isenokubizwa ngokuba kukwenzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu.

Ingxubusho inokuchaphazela indlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo. Inani lokulimala kwengqondo kunye nokuba liza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubungqongqo bunzima kangakanani. Ingxubusho ingakhokelela kwintloko ebuhlungu, utshintsho kulumkiso, ukulahleka kwengqondo, ukulahleka kwememori, kunye notshintsho ekucingeni.

Ingxubusho inokubangela ukuwa, imisebenzi yezemidlalo, iingozi zemoto, ukubetha, okanye enye into eyenzakeleyo ngqo kulukakayi. Intshukumo enkulu yengqondo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-jarring) kuyo nayiphi na indlela inokubangela ukuba umntu aphulukane nokuphaphama (angabikho zingqondweni). Umntu uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani angangumqondiso wokuba imbi kangakanani le mpikiswano.

Iingqungquthela azihlali zikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwengqondo. Uninzi lwabantu aluzange luphume. Banokuchaza ukubona bonke abamhlophe, bonke abamnyama, okanye iinkwenkwezi. Umntu unokuba nesifo sokudakumba aze angayiqondi.

Iimpawu zokuxubana okuqatha kunokubandakanya:

• Ukwenza into edidekileyo, ukuziva ungakwazi ukugxila, okanye ukungacingi kakuhle
• Ukozela, kunzima ukuvuka, okanye utshintsho olufanayo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphulukana nokuqonda okwethutyana elifutshane
• Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo (amnesia) yeziganeko ngaphambi kokonzakala okanye emva kwangoko
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukubona izibane ezidanyazayo
• Uziva ngathi "uphulukene nexesha"
• Ukulala ngendlela engaqhelekanga

Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu zongxamiseko zokulimala entloko okanye ukubetha. Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho:

• Utshintsho kulwaziso kunye nokuqonda
• Ukudideka okungapheliyo
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha kwelinye okanye omabini amacala omzimba
• Abafundi wamehlo angalinganiyo ngobukhulu
• Ukuhamba kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga
• Ukuphinda ugabhe
• Ukuhamba okanye ukulinganisela iingxaki
• Ukungabikho kwengqondo ixesha elide okanye okuqhubekayo (i-coma)

Ukulimala kwentloko okubangelwa yingxubusho kuhlala kwenzeka ngokwenzakala entanyeni nasemqolo. Thatha unonophelo olukhethekileyo xa ususa abantu abanokwenzakala entloko.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntu iya kujongwa. Kunokubakho utshintsho kubungakanani bomfundi womntu, amandla okucinga, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nengqondo.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Uvavanyo lwe-wave ye-EEG) kunokufuneka ukuba ukubanjwa kuqhubeke
• Ukuskena iNtloko ye-CT (ikhompyuter ye-tomography)
• I-MRI yengqondo (imaging resonance imaging) yobuchopho
• X-reyi

Ukwenzakala entloko kancinci, akukho nonyango inokufuneka. Kodwa yazi ukuba iimpawu zokulimala entloko zingabonakala kamva.

Ababoneleli bakho baya kuchaza ukuba ulindele ntoni, indlela yokulawula nayiphi na intloko, indlela yokunyanga ezinye iimpawu, ukuba ubuyela nini kwezemidlalo, esikolweni, emsebenzini, nakweminye imisebenzi, kunye neempawu okanye iimpawu zokukhathazeka.

• Abantwana baya kudinga ukubonwa kwaye benze utshintsho lomsebenzi.
• Abantu abadala bafuna ukujongwa kufutshane kunye notshintsho lomsebenzi.

Bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana kufuneka balandele imiyalelo yomboneleli malunga nokuba kuya kubakho nini ukubuyela kwezemidlalo.

Uya kudinga ukuhlala esibhedlele ukuba:

• Ingxamiseko okanye iimpawu ezibi kakhulu zokulimala kwentloko zikhona
• Kukho ukwaphuka kolukakayi
• Kukho ukopha ngaphantsi kokhakhayi lwakho okanye kwingqondo

Ukuphilisa okanye ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuthatha ixesha. Ingathabatha iintsuku ukuya kwiiveki, okanye iinyanga. Ngelo xesha unga:

• Urhoxe, ucaphuke msinya, okanye udideke, okanye ube nolunye utshintsho lweemvakalelo
• Yiba nexesha elinzima nemisebenzi efuna inkumbulo okanye ukugxila
• Yiba neentloko eziphakathi
• Unganyamezeli ingxolo
• Dinwa kakhulu
• Uziva unesiyezi
• Yiba nombono ongacacanga ngamanye amaxesha

Ezi ngxaki mhlawumbi ziya kubuyela kancinci. Unokufuna ukufumana uncedo kusapho okanye kubahlobo ngokwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.

Inani elincinci labantu, iimpawu zesiphithiphithi azihambi. Umngcipheko kolu tshintsho lwexesha elide kwingqondo luphezulu emva kwengxabano engaphezulu kwesinye.

Ukuxhuzula kunokwenzeka emva kokulimala entloko. Wena okanye umntwana wakho kungafuneka ukuba uthathe amayeza okulwa ukuxhuzula kangangexesha elithile.

Ukonzakala okungathethekiyo kwengqondo kunokubangela iingxaki kwingqondo nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Fowunela umnikezeli ukuba:

• Ukulimala kwentloko kubangela utshintsho kwisilumkiso.
• Umntu unezinye iimpawu ezixhalabisayo.
• Iimpawu azihambi okanye aziphucuki emva kweeveki ezi-2 okanye ezi-3.

Tsalela umnxeba ngoko nangoko ukuba kwenzeka ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukwanda kokulala okanye ubunzima bokuvuka
• Intamo elukhuni
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha okanye indlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga
• Utshintsho kwintetho (edanyazisiweyo, kunzima ukuyiqonda, ayinangqondo)
• Ukudideka okanye iingxaki zokucinga ngokuthe ngqo
• Umbono ophindwe kabini okanye umbono ophuthileyo
• Ifiva
• Ulwelo okanye ukuphuma kwegazi empumlweni okanye ezindlebeni
• Intloko eqhubeka iba mandundu, ihlala ixesha elide, okanye ayibi bhetele xa unciphisa iintlungu
• Iingxaki zokuhamba okanye ukuthetha
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula iingalo okanye imilenze ngaphandle kolawulo)
• Ukuphalaza ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-3

Ukuba iimpawu azihambi okanye aziphuculi kakhulu emva kweeveki ezi-2 okanye ezi-3, thetha nomboneleli wakho.

Ayizizo zonke iintlungu zentloko ezinokuthintelwa. Yongeza ukhuseleko kuwe nakumntwana wakho ngokulandela la manyathelo:

• Njalo sebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela ngexesha lezinto ezinokubangela ukulimala kwentloko. Oku kubandakanya amabhanti okuhlala, ibhayisekile okanye iminqwazi yokukhwela izithuthuthu neminqwazi.
• Funda kwaye ulandele iingcebiso ngokhuseleko lwebhayisikile.

Sukusela uqhube. Ungazivumeli ukuba uqhutyelwe ngumntu osele utywala okanye onengxaki ethile.

Ukulimala kwengqondo-ukuxubana; Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu - ukubetha; Ukulimala kwentloko evaliweyo- ukubetha

• Ukuxubusha kubantu abadala-ukukhutshwa
• Ingxubusho kubantu abadala-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuxubana ebantwaneni-ukukhutshwa
• Ingxubusho ebantwaneni-yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko ebantwaneni

• Ingqondo
• Ingxubusho

Liebig CW, Congeni JA. Ukulimala kwengqondo okunxulumene nezemidlalo (concussion). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 708.

UPapa L, Goldberg SA. Ukonzakala kwentloko. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 34.

UTrofa DP, uCaldwell JM E, uLi XJ. Ingxubusho kunye nokulimala kwengqondo. Ku: Miller MD, Thompson SR, ii-eds. UDeLee Drez kunye neMiller's Orthopedic Sports Medicine. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 126.