Ukuphazamiseka ngokuzenzekelayo

Isifo sokuzimela komzimba senzeka xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela kwaye atshabalalise izicwili zomzimba ezisempilweni ngempazamo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-80 zeengxaki zokuzimela.

Iiseli zegazi kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela zinceda ukukhusela kwizinto ezinobungozi. Imizekelo ibandakanya iibhaktheriya, ii-virus, i-toxins, iiseli zomhlaza, kunye negazi kunye nezicubu ezivela ngaphandle komzimba. Ezi zinto ziqulathe iantigens. Amajoni omzimba avelisa izilwa-buhlungu ngokuchasene nala majoni enza ukuba kutshabalalise ezi zinto ziyingozi.

Xa une-autoimmune disorder, amajoni akho omzimba awanokwahlula phakathi kwezicubu ezisempilweni kunye neeantigen ezinokuba yingozi. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba ubeka impendulo etshabalalisa izicubu eziqhelekileyo.

Isizathu esona sizathu sokuphazamiseka komzimba asaziwa. Enye ithi ezinye iintsholongwane (ezinjengebhaktheriya okanye iintsholongwane) okanye iziyobisi zinokubangela utshintsho oluphazamisa amajoni omzimba. Oku kunokwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abaneentsholongwane ezenza ukuba bathambekele ekuphazamiseni komzimba.

Ingxaki yokuzimela komzimba inokubangela:

• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zomzimba
• Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwilungu
• Utshintsho ekusebenzeni komzimba

Ingxaki yokuzimela komzimba inokuchaphazela elinye okanye ngaphezulu amalungu okanye iintlobo zeethishu. Iindawo ezihlala zichaphazeleka kukuphazamiseka komzimba kubandakanya:

• Ivazi yegazi
• Izicubu ezinxibelelanayo
• Iingqungquthela ze-Endocrine ezifana ne-thyroid okanye i-pancreas
• Amalungu
• Imisipha
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
• Ulusu

Umntu unokuba nesifo esingaphaya kwesinye ngexesha elinye. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuzibulala zibandakanya:

• Isifo iAddison
• Isifo seCeliac - i-sprue (i-enteropathy e-gluten-sensitive)
• Dermatomyositis
• Isifo samangcwaba
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• IMyasthenia gravis
• I-anemia enobunzima
• Isifo samathambo esisebenzayo
• Irheumatoid Arthritis
• Isifo seSjögren
• Inkqubo ye lupus erythematosus
• Chwetheza isifo seswekile

Iimpawu ziya kwahluka, ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nendawo yokuphendula okungalunganga komzimba. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi (malaise)
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Irhashalala

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.

Iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ukuxilonga ingxaki yokuzimela komzimba zibandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody yenyukliya
• Uvavanyo lwe-Autoantibody
• I-CBC
• Iphaneli yemetabolism ebanzi
• Iprotheni esebenzayo yeC (CRP)
• Izinga le-sedimentation ye-Erythrocyte (ESR)
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

Iinjongo zonyango zezi:

• Lawula inkqubo yokuzimela
• Gcina amandla omzimba wokulwa nezifo
• Ukunciphisa iimpawu

Unyango luya kuxhomekeka kwisifo kunye neempawu zakho. Iindidi zonyango zibandakanya:

• Izongezo zokubuyisela endaweni into engekhoyo emzimbeni, enjengehomoni ye-thyroid, i-vitamin B12, okanye i-insulin, ngenxa yesifo somzimba
• Utofelo-gazi ukuba igazi lichaphazelekile
• Unyango lomzimba ukunceda ukuhamba ukuba amathambo, amalungu, okanye izihlunu zichaphazelekile

Abantu abaninzi bathatha amayeza ukunciphisa amajoni omzimba ngempendulo engaqhelekanga. Ezi zihlala zibizwa ngokuba ngamayeza e-immunosuppressive. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-corticosteroids (enje nge-prednisone) kunye neziyobisi ezingenayo i-steroid ezinje nge-azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, sirolimus, okanye tacrolimus. Iziyobisi ekujoliswe kuzo ezinjenge-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker kunye ne-Interleukin inhibitors zinokusetyenziselwa ezinye izifo.

Isiphumo sixhomekeke kwisifo. Uninzi lwezifo ezizimeleyo azinasifo, kodwa ezininzi zinokulawulwa ngonyango.

Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka komzimba zinokuza zihambe. Xa iimpawu ziba zibi, kubizwa ngokuba yi-flare-up.

Iingxaki zixhomekeke kwisifo. Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukucinezela amajoni omzimba anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, njengomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo.

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba uphuhlisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka komzimba.

Akukho kuthintelwa kwaziwayo kuthintelo oluzenzekelayo.

• Isifo samangcwaba
• Isifo sikaHashimoto (esinganyangekiyo)
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• Irheumatoid Arthritis
• Irheumatoid Arthritis
• Inkqubo ye lupus erythematosus
• Ulwelo lweSynovial
• Irheumatoid Arthritis
• Iintsholongwane

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UKumar V, u-Abbas AK, uAster JC. Izifo kumajoni omzimba. Ku: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, ii-eds. Robbins kunye neCotran Pathologic Isiseko seZifo. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 6.

I-Peakman M, iBuckland MS. Amajoni omzimba kunye nezifo. Ku: Kumar P, Clark M, ii-eds. Kumar kunye noClarke's Clinical Medicine. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahl 8.

Ubusika WE, uHarris NS, uMerkel KL, uCollinsworth AL, uClapp WL. Izifo ezizimeleyo zomzimba. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 54.