Ukuvavanywa kwemfuza kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza

Imfuza kwiiseli zethu idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Zichaphazela iinwele nombala wamehlo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezidluliselwe ukusuka kumzali kuye emntwaneni. Imfuza ikwaxelela iiseli ukuba zenze iiproteni zokunceda ukusebenza komzimba.

Umhlaza wenzeka xa iiseli ziqala ukusebenza ngokungaqhelekanga. Umzimba wethu unemfuza ethintela ukukhula kweseli ngokukhawuleza kunye nezidumba ekuyileni. Utshintsho kwimfuza (utshintsho) luvumela iiseli ukuba zahlule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlale zisebenza. Oku kukhokelela ekukhuleni komhlaza nakwizidumbu. Ukutshintsha kwemfuza kunokuba sisiphumo somonakalo emzimbeni okanye into edluliselwe kwimfuza kusapho lwakho.

Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokukunceda ufumanise ukuba ngaba uneenguqu kwimfuza ezinokuthi zikhokelele kumhlaza okanye ezinokuchaphazela amanye amalungu osapho lwakho. Funda malunga nokuba yeyiphi na imihlaza evavanywayo, ukuba zithini iziphumo, kunye nezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokuba uvavanywe.

Namhlanje, siyalwazi utshintsho oluthile olunokubangela umhlaza ongaphaya kwama-50, kwaye ulwazi luyakhula.

Ukutshintsha kohlobo olunye kungabotshwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, hayi inye kuphela.

• Umzekelo, utshintsho kwi-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2 yemfuza inxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wamabele, umhlaza we-ovari, kunye neminye imihlaza emininzi yamadoda nabasetyhini. Phantse kwisiqingatha sabasetyhini abafumana i-BRCA1 okanye i-BRCA2 uguquko kwimfuzo baya kuba nomhlaza wamabele beneminyaka engama-70.
• Iipolyps okanye ukukhula kwinqanaba le-colon okanye i-rectum kunokunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinxalenye yesifo esizuzwe njengelifa.

Ukutshintsha kwemfuza kunxulunyaniswa nale mihlaza ilandelayo:

• Isifuba (indoda nebhinqa)
• Ovarian
• Indlala
• Ipancreatic
• Ithambo
• Ileukemia
• Ndlala Adrenal
• Idlala lengqula
• Endometrium
• Imibala
• Ndibonise uthando
• Iintsimbi zezintso
• Isibindi okanye iphecana biliary
• Isisu
• Ingqondo
• Iliso
• Melanoma
• IParathyroid
• Indawo yolwimi lamathe
• Izintso

Imiqondiso yokuba umhlaza unokubangelwa yimfuza kubandakanya:

• Umhlaza ofunyaniswa uneminyaka yobudala engaphantsi kobudala obuqhelekileyo
• Iindidi ezininzi zomhlaza kumntu omnye
• Umhlaza okhula kuwo omabini amalungu omabini, anje ngala mabele okanye izintso
• Izihlobo ezininzi zegazi ezinoluhlobo olufanayo lomhlaza
• Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zohlobo oluthile lomhlaza, ezinje ngomhlaza wamabele endodeni
• Iziphene zokuzalwa ezinxulunyaniswa nomhlaza othile olilifa
• Ukuba yinxalenye yohlanga okanye ubuhlanga obunomngcipheko omkhulu womhlaza othile kunye nenye okanye nangaphezulu koku kungasentla

Unokuqala ufumane uvavanyo lokuchonga inqanaba lomngcipheko. Umcebisi ngemfuza uya ku-odola uvavanyo emva kokuthetha nawe ngempilo yakho kunye neemfuno zakho. Abacebisi bemfuzo baqeqeshelwe ukukwazisa ngaphandle kokuzama ukukhokela isigqibo sakho. Ngale ndlela unokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba ukuvavanya kukulungele.

Uvavanyo lusebenza njani:

• Igazi, amathe, ulusu lwesikhumba, okanye i-amniotic fluid (ejikeleze umbungu okhulayo) inokusetyenziselwa uvavanyo.
• Iisampulu zithunyelwa kwilebhu egxile kuvavanyo lwemvelo. Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukufumana iziphumo.
• Nje ukuba ufumane iziphumo, uyakuthetha nomcebisi ngemfuza malunga nokuba zinokuthetha ntoni kuwe.

Ngelixa unokukwazi uku-odola uvavanyo ngokwakho, licebo elilungileyo ukusebenza nomcebisi ngemfuzo. Banokukunceda uqonde izibonelelo kunye nokusikelwa umda kweziphumo zakho, kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka. Kananjalo banokukunceda uqonde ukuba kunokuthetha ntoni kumalungu osapho, kwaye ubacebise.

Uya kudinga ukusayina ifom yemvume unolwazi phambi kovavanyo.

Ukuvavanywa kunokukwazi ukukuxelela ukuba unenguquko yemfuza enxulunyaniswa neqela lomhlaza. Iziphumo ezincumisayo zithetha ukuba umngcipheko owandileyo wokufumana loo mhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ezilungileyo azithethi ukuba uya kuba nomhlaza. Imfuza inzima. Uhlobo olufanayo lunokuchaphazela umntu ngokwahlukileyo komnye.

Ewe, iziphumo ezingalunganga akuthethi ukuba awusoze ufumane umhlaza. Unokuba ungekho emngciphekweni ngenxa yemfuza yakho, kodwa usengaba nomhlaza kwisizathu esahlukileyo.

Iziphumo zakho zisenokungabi lula njengezichazayo nezingalunganga. Uvavanyo lunokufumanisa utshintsho kumfuza iingcali ezingakhange zichonge njengomngcipheko womhlaza okwangoku. Unokuba nembali eyomeleleyo yosapho yomhlaza othile kunye nesiphumo esibi sokutshintsha kwemfuza. Umcebisi wakho wemfuza uya kukuchaza ezi ntlobo zeziphumo.

Kukho nezinye izinto ezinokuthi zitshintshwe. Unokuvavanywa kuphela kuguquko lwemfuza esilwaziyo namhlanje. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ekwenzeni uvavanyo lwemfuzo lube lolunolwazi noluchanekileyo.

Ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba kuvavanyo lwemfuza sisigqibo sakho. Unokufuna ukuqaphela ukuvavanywa kwemvelo ukuba:

• Unezihlobo ezisondeleyo (umama, utata, oodade, abantakwenu, abantwana) abanoluhlobo lunye lomhlaza.
• Abantu kusapho lwakho banomhlaza onxulunyaniswe notshintsho kwimfuza, njengomhlaza wamabele okanye we-ovari.
• Amalungu osapho lwakho ayenomhlaza esemncinci kunesiqhelo kolo hlobo lomhlaza.
• Ube neziphumo zokuhlolwa komhlaza ezinokuthi zikhombe kwizizathu zofuzo.
• Amalungu osapho afumene uvavanyo lwemfuza kwaye aba neziphumo ezihle.

Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kubantu abadala, ebantwaneni, nakwimveku ekhulayo kunye nombungu.

Ulwazi olufumana kuvavanyo lwemfuza lunokukunceda ekukhokeleni izigqibo zakho zempilo kunye nokukhetha indlela ophila ngayo. Kukho izibonelelo ezithile zokwazi ukuba uphethe uguquko. Unokwazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza okanye ukukhusela ngo:

• Ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo.
• Ukuqala ukuhlolwa komhlaza. Oku kunokukunceda ukubamba umhlaza kwangethuba, xa unokunyangwa ngokulula.

Ukuba sele unawo umhlaza, uvavanyo lunokukunceda ukukhokela unyango ekujoliswe kulo.

Ukuba ucinga ngokuvavanya, nantsi imibuzo onokufuna ukuyibuza umboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye umcebisi wezofuzo:

• Ngaba ukuvavanywa kwemfuza kulungile kum?
• Luluphi uvavanyo oluya kwenziwa? Luchane kangakanani uvavanyo?
• Ngaba iziphumo ziya kundinceda?
• Impendulo yam inokundichaphazela njani ngokweemvakalelo?
• Uyintoni umngcipheko wokudlulisela utshintsho kubantwana bam?
• Olu lwazi luya kuzichaphazela njani izihlobo zam kunye nobudlelwane?
• Ngaba ulwazi luyimfihlo?
• Ngubani oza kufumana ulwazi?
• Ngubani oza kuhlawula uvavanyo (olunokuxabisa amawaka eedola)?

Phambi kokuba uvavanywe, qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda le nkqubo kunye nokuba iziphumo zinokuthetha ntoni kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

Kuya kufuneka ubize umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Bacinga ngokuvavanywa kwemvelo
• Ndingathanda ukuxoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuzo

Ukutshintsha kwemfuza; Ukutshintsha ilifa Ukuvavanywa kwemfuza- umhlaza

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Ukuqonda ukuvavanywa kofuzo kumhlaza. www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/genetics/understanding-genetic-testing-for-cancer.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Epreli 10, 2017. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 6, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Utshintsho lwe-BRCA: umngcipheko womhlaza kunye novavanyo lwemfuzo. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 30, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 6, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Ukuvavanywa kwemfuza kwizifo ezinomhlaza welifa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Matshi 15, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 6, 2020.

UWalsh MF, uCadoo K, uSalo-Mullen EE, uDubard-GaultM, uStadler ZK, uOffit K.Imeko yemfuza: isifo somhlaza esiza kuzalwa. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 13.

• Umhlaza
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo