Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni

Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni lixesha kubomi bomfazi xa exesheni (ukuya exesheni) kuyeka. Rhoqo, yinto eqhelekileyo, yenguqu yomzimba eqhele ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-55. Emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni, umntu wasetyhini akanakuphinda akhulelwe.

Ngexesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni, amaqanda esifazane ayayeka ukukhupha amaqanda. Umzimba uvelisa ngaphantsi kwehomoni yabasetyhini i-estrogen kunye neprogesterone. Amanqanaba asezantsi ala mahomoni abangela iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni.

Amaxesha ayenzeka rhoqo kwaye ayayeka ekugqibeleni. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka ngequbuliso. Kodwa uninzi lwamaxesha, amaxesha ayeka kancinci ixesha.

Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kugqityiwe xa ungakhange ube nexesha lonyaka omnye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kwenzeka xa unyango lusenza ukwehla kwi-estrogen. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba zombini ii-ovari zakho zisuswe.

Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa ziziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ichemotherapy okanye unyango lwehomoni (HT) yomhlaza wamabele.

Iimpawu ziyahluka ukusuka kumfazi ukuya kumfazi. Banokuhlala iminyaka emi-5 okanye nangaphezulu. Iimpawu zinokuba zibi ngakumbi kwabanye abantu basetyhini kunabanye. Iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye ziqale ngokukhawuleza.

Into yokuqala onokuthi uyiqaphele kukuba amaxesha aqala ukutshintsha. Zinokuthi zenzeke rhoqo okanye zingaphantsi rhoqo. Abanye abantu basetyhini banokufumana ukuya exesheni rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-3 ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukutsiba amaxesha Unganamaxesha angaqhelekanga kwisithuba seminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwemithathu phambi kokuba ayeke ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuyeka ukuya esikhathini zibandakanya:

• Ukuya exesheni okwenzeka kancinci kwaye ekugqibeleni kuyeke
• Intliziyo ibetha ngamandla okanye ibaleka
• Ukutshisa okushushu, kuhlala kubi kakhulu kunyaka wokuqala ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukuhluza ulusu
• Iingxaki zokulala (ukulala)

Ezinye iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni zinokubandakanya:

• Ukwehla komdla kwisini okanye utshintsho kwimpendulo yesondo
• Ukulibala (kwabanye abantu basetyhini)
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kubandakanya ukungakhathali, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo
• Ukuvuza komchamo
• Ukoma kwesini kunye nokuba neentlobano zesini ezibuhlungu
• Usulelo lobufazi
• Iintlungu ezidibeneyo kunye neentlungu
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga (ukubetha kwentliziyo)

Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo lunokusetyenziselwa ukujonga utshintsho kumanqanaba ehomoni. Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokunceda umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba abone ukuba ukufutshane na ukuyeka ukuya exesheni okanye ukuba sele ugqithile kwixesha lokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Umboneleli wakho unokufuna ukuphinda uvavanye amanqanaba akho e-hormone amatyeli aliqela ukuqinisekisa imeko yakho yokuya exesheni ukuba awukayeki kwaphela ukuya exesheni.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• I-Estradiol
• I-follicle evuselela i-hormone (FSH)
• Ihomoni yeLuteinizing (LH)

Umboneleli wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwe-pelvic. Ukwehla kwe-estrogen kunokubangela utshintsho kwilayini yelungu lobufazi.

Ukuphulukana nethambo kuyanda kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala emva kwexesha lakho lokugqibela. Umboneleli wakho unoku-odola uvavanyo lokuxinana kwamathambo ukukhangela ukulahleka kwethambo okunxulumene ne-osteoporosis. Olu vavanyo lobunzima bamathambo luyacetyiswa kubo bonke abantu basetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65. Olu vavanyo lunokucetyiswa kwakamsinya ukuba ngaba usemngciphekweni omkhulu we-osteoporosis ngenxa yembali yosapho lwakho okanye amayeza owathathayo.

Unyango lunokubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila okanye kwi-HT. Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezinje:

• Zimbi kangakanani iimpawu zakho
• Impilo yakho iyonke
• Ukhetho lwakho

UNYANGO LWEHORMONE

I-HT inokukunceda ukuba ubenobushushu obukhulu, ukubila ebusuku, imiba yeemood, okanye ukoma kwilungu lobufazi. I-HT yonyango nge-estrogen kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, iprogesterone.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nezibonelelo kunye nomngcipheko we-HT. Umboneleli wakho kufuneka abenolwazi ngayo yonke imbali yezonyango kunye nosapho ngaphambi kokumisela i-HT.

Izifundo ezininzi eziphambili ziye zabuza izibonelelo zempilo kunye nomngcipheko we-HT, kubandakanya umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamabele, isifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye namahlwili egazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa i-HT kangangeminyaka eli-10 emva kokumisa ukuya exesheni kunxulunyaniswa nethuba elisezantsi lokufa.

Izikhokelo ezikhoyo zixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-HT kunyango lwezibane ezishushu. Iingcebiso ezithile:

• I-HT inokuqaliswa kwabasetyhini abasandula ukungena exesheni.
• I-HT ayifanele isetyenziswe kwabasetyhini abaqala ukuya exesheni kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ngaphandle konyango lwe-estrogen lobufazi.
• Iyeza akufuneki lisetyenziswe ixesha elide kunokuba liyimfuneko. Abanye abantu basetyhini banokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-estrogen ixesha elide ngenxa yeengxaki ezishushu. Oku kukhuselekile kubafazi abasempilweni.
• Abasetyhini abathatha i-HT kufuneka babe nomngcipheko ophantsi wokubetha, isifo sentliziyo, amahlwili egazi, okanye umhlaza webele.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wonyango lwe-estrogen, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa:

• Idosi esezantsi ye-estrogen okanye ulungiselelo olwahlukileyo lwe-estrogen (umzekelo, ikhrimu yelungu lobufazi okanye isikhumba endaweni yepilisi).
• Ukusebenzisa ii-patches kubonakala kukhuselekile kune-estrogen yomlomo, njengoko kuthintela umngcipheko okhulayo wamahlwili egazi abonwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-estrogen yomlomo.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo komzimba rhoqo, kubandakanya neemviwo zebele kunye neemammograms

Abasetyhini abanesibeleko (oko kukuthi, khange batyandwe ukusisusa nangasiphi na isizathu) kufuneka bathathe i-estrogen edityaniswe neprogesterone ukuthintela umhlaza kumngxunya wesibeleko (umhlaza we-endometrium).

EMINYE INDLELA KUNYANGO LWEHORMONE

Kukho amanye amayeza anokunceda ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukukhanya okutshisayo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-anti-depressants, kubandakanya iparoxetine (Paxil), venlafaxine (Effexor), bupropion (Wellbutrin), kunye ne-fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Iyeza loxinzelelo lwegazi elibizwa ngokuba yi-clonidine
• I-Gabapentin, ichiza lokuthimba elinceda ekunciphiseni ukukhanya okushushu

UKUTSHINTSHA KWEZENDLELA NOKUPHILA

Indlela yokuphila onokuyithatha ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni zibandakanya:

Ukutshintsha ukutya:

• Kuphephe caffeine, utywala, kunye nokutya okuneziqholo.
• Yitya ukutya kwesoya. I-Soy iqulethe i-estrogen.
• Fumana i-calcium eninzi kunye nevithamini D ekutyeni okanye kwizongezo.

Ukuzivocavoca kunye neendlela zokuphumla:

• Fumana umthambo omninzi.
• Yenza imithambo kaKegel yonke imihla. Zomeleza izihlunu zelungu lobufazi kunye nesinqe.
• Ziqhelise ukuphefumla okunzulu, nokuphefumla nzulu nanini na xa kuqalisa ukudanyaza. Zama ukuphefumla kayi-6 ngomzuzu.
• Zama yoga, tai chi, okanye ukucamngca.

Ezinye iingcebiso:

• Nxiba kancinci kwaye ungqengqe.
• Qhubeka ulala ngesondo.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa ezisekwe emanzini okanye into yokuthambisa yelungu lobufazi ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.
• Jonga ugqirha we-acupuncture.

Abanye abantu basetyhini banegazi lobufazi emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Oku akusoloko kuyinto yokukhathazeka. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uxelele umboneleli wakho ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ngakumbi ukuba kwenzeka ngaphezulu konyaka emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Isenokuba luphawu lokuqala lweengxaki ezinje ngomhlaza. Umboneleli wakho uya kwenza i-biopsy ye-uterine lining okanye i-ultrasound yelungu lobufazi.

Ukuhla kwenqanaba le-estrogen kunxulunyaniswe neziphumo zexesha elide, kubandakanya:

• Ukuphulukana nethambo kunye ne-osteoporosis kwabanye abantu basetyhini
• Utshintsho kumanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Ubona igazi phakathi kwamaxesha
• Uneenyanga ezili-12 zilandelelana ngaphandle kwexesha kwaye ukopha kwilungu lobufazi okanye ukubonwa kuyaqala kwakhona ngequbuliso (nokuba linani elincinci lokopha)

Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kuyinxalenye yendalo yokukhula komfazi. Ayifuni kuthintelwa. Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zexesha elide ezinje nge-osteoporosis kunye nesifo sentliziyo ngokuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, icholesterol, kunye neminye imingcipheko yesifo sentliziyo.
• Musa ukutshaya. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunokubangela ukuya exesheni kwangoko.
• Yenza umthambo rhoqo. Ukuxhathisa umthambo kunceda ukomeleza amathambo akho kunye nokuphucula ibhalansi yakho.
• Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga namayeza anokukunceda uyeke ngakumbi ukuthamba kwamathambo ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuqala zokulahleka kwethambo okanye unembali eyomeleleyo yosapho ye-osteoporosis
• Thatha i-calcium kunye nevithamini D.

Ixesha lokugqibela; Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni

• Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni
• Isisombululo
• I-atrophy yelungu lobufazi

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I-Lambert SWJ, van de Beld AW. I-Endocrinology kunye nokuguga. Ku: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 27.

UMoyer VA; Umsebenzi woKhuseleko kwi-US. I-Vitamin D kunye ne-calcium supplementation ukukhusela ukuqhekeka kubantu abadala: I-US Preventive Services Task Force statement. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2013; 158 (9): 691-696. IINKCUKACHA: 23440163 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440163.

UMbutho waseMntla Melika wokuya exesheni. Ingxelo yonyango lwehomoni yonyango luka-2017 loMbutho waseNyakatho Melika wokuNqamuka kwexesha Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni. Ngo-2017; 24 (7): 728-753. IINKCUKACHA: 28650892 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28650892.

ISkaznik-Wikiel ME, iTraub ML, iSantoro N. Ukuyeka ukuya exesheni. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ii-eds. Endocrinology: Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahl. 135.