Iithagethi zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo zomhlaza

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lisebenzisa iziyobisi ukunqanda umhlaza ekukhuleni nasekusasazeni. Ikwenza oku kungonzakalisi kangako kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo kunezinye iindlela zonyango.

I-chemotherapy esemgangathweni isebenza ngokubulala iiseli zomhlaza kunye nezinye iiseli eziqhelekileyo, unyango ekujoliswe kulo kwiithagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli) ngaphakathi okanye kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ezi njongo zidlala indima kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula kwaye zisinde ngayo. Sebenzisa oku kujoliswe kuko, iyeza likhubaza iiseli zomhlaza ukuze zingabinako ukusasazeka.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lusebenza ngeendlela ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo. Banoku:

• Cima inkqubo kwiiseli zomhlaza ezibangela ukuba zikhule kwaye zisasazeke
• Yenza iiseli zomhlaza zife zodwa
• Bulala iiseli zomhlaza ngokuthe ngqo

Abantu abanoluhlobo lunye lomhlaza banokuba neethagethi ezahlukeneyo kwiiseli zabo zomhlaza. Ke, ukuba umhlaza wakho awunanjongo ithile, iyeza alizukusebenzela ukuwunqanda. Ayizizo zonke iindlela zonyango ezisebenza kubo bonke abantu abanomhlaza. Kwangelo xesha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza zinokuba nethagethi efanayo.

Ukubona ukuba unyango olujolisiweyo lunokusebenzela wena, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unoku:

• Thatha isampulu encinci yomhlaza wakho
• Vavanya isampulu yeethagethi ezithile (iimolekyuli)
• Ukuba ekujoliswe kuko kufanelekile kumhlaza wakho, uya kufumana

Olunye unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunikezelwa njengeepilisi. Abanye batofelwe emthanjeni (ngaphakathi, okanye IV).

Kukho iindlela zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo ezinokunyanga iintlobo ezithile zala mhlaza:

• I-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma
• Umhlaza webele
• Umhlaza wamathumbu
• Umhlaza wolusu
• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Indlala

Eminye imihlaza enokuthi inyangwe ngezonyango ekujolise kuzo kubandakanya ubuchopho, ithambo, izintso, i-lymphoma, isisu kunye nezinye ezininzi.

Umboneleli wakho uya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunokukhetha uhlobo lwakho lomhlaza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uya kufumana unyango ekujolise kulo kunye notyando, unyango ngamayeza, unyango lwehomoni, okanye unyango ngemitha. Unokufumana la machiza njengenxalenye yonyango lwakho oluqhelekileyo, okanye njengenxalenye yesilingo seklinikhi.

Oogqirha babecinga ukuba unyango ekujoliswe kulo lunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kolunye unyango lomhlaza. Kodwa yafumanisa ukuba ayiyonyani. Iziphumo ezinokubakho ezivela kunyango ekujoliswe kuzo zibandakanya:

• Urhudo
• Iingxaki zesibindi
• Iingxaki zolusu ezinje ngerhashalala, ulusu olomileyo, kunye notshintsho lweenzipho
• Iingxaki ngokujiya kwegazi kunye nokuphilisa amanxeba
• Igazi elonyukayo

Njengalo naluphi na unyango, unokuba okanye ungabinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Banokuba nobulali okanye babukhali. Ngethamsanqa, zihlala zihamba emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Ngumbono olungileyo ukuthetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nento onokuyilindela. Umboneleli wakho unako ukunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo luthembisa unyango olutsha, kodwa lunemiqobo.

• Iiseli zomhlaza zinokumelana nala machiza.
• Ujoliso ngamanye amaxesha luyatshintsha, ke unyango alusasebenzi.
• Umhlaza unokufumana indlela eyahlukileyo yokukhula kunye nokuphila engaxhomekekanga kwithagethi.
• Iziyobisi kunokuba nzima ukuziphucula ekujoliseni ezinye.
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo lutsha kwaye kubiza kakhulu ukwenza. Ke, zibiza kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza.

Iiarhente ze-anticancer ezijolise kwimolekyuli; Ii-MTA; Ujoliso lweChemotherapy; Ukukhula kwe-Vascular endothelial factor-ekujoliswe kuko; Ijolise kwi-VEGF; Ijolise kwi-VEGFR; Ekujoliswe kuko yiTyrosine kinase inhibitor; I-TKI ejoliswe kuyo; Iyeza lomntu-umhlaza

Ngaba i-KT, iKummar S. Ukujolisa kunyango lweeseli zomhlaza: ixesha leearhente ezijolise kwiimolekyuli. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 26.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Iithagethi zonyango zomhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 17. 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 20, 2020.

• Umhlaza