Ubume obungalunganga obuphambanisayo

Ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo okunyanzelekileyo (i-OCD) kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo apho abantu baneengcinga ezingafunekiyo neziphindaphindwayo, iimvakalelo, izimvo, iimvakalelo (ukutyeba), kunye nokuziphatha okubaqhubela ekwenzeni into ngaphezulu nangaphezulu (ukunyanzelwa).

Rhoqo umntu uqhuba indlela yokuziphatha ukuze asuse iingcinga ezingafunekiyo. Kodwa oku kunika kuphela isiqabu sethutyana. Ukungazenzi izithethe ezingalawulekiyo kunokubangela uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu.

Ababoneleli ngezempilo abayazi eyona nto ibangela i-OCD. Izinto ezinokudlala indima zibandakanya ukonzakala kwentloko, usulelo, kunye nokusebenza ngokungaqhelekanga kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho. Imfuza (imbali yosapho) ibonakala ngathi idlala indima eyomeleleyo. Imbali yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo ikwanyusa umngcipheko kwi-OCD.

Abazali nootitshala bahlala bezibona iimpawu ze-OCD ebantwaneni. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa luneminyaka eli-19 okanye engama-20, kodwa abanye ababonakalisi zimpawu de babe neminyaka engama-30.

Abantu abane-OCD baphinda iingcinga, ukukhuthaza, okanye imifanekiso yengqondo ebangela uxinzelelo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuzibamba.

Imizekelo yile:

• Uloyiko olugqithisileyo lweentsholongwane
• Iingcinga ezingavumelekanga ezinxulumene nesondo, inkolo, okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye okanye isiqu sakho
• Kufuneka iodolo

Benza nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo ukuphendula kwiingcinga zabo okanye ukutyeba. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ukujonga kunye nokuphinda ujonge iintshukumo (njengokucima izibane kunye nokutshixa umnyango)
• Ukubala okugqithileyo
• Uku-odola izinto ngendlela ethile
• Ukuphinda uhlambe izandla ukukhusela usulelo
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama cwaka
• Ukuthandaza ngaphakathi nangokuphindaphindiweyo

Asinguye wonke umntu onemikhwa okanye amasiko abathanda ukuwenza ane-OCD. Kodwa, umntu one-OCD:

• Ayikwazi ukulawula iingcinga zabo okanye indlela abaziphethe ngayo, nokuba bayaziqonda ukuba zigqithile.
• Uchitha ubuncinci iyure ngosuku kwezi ngcinga okanye kwiindlela zokuziphatha.
• Akonwabi ngokwenza isimilo okanye isithethe, ngaphandle nje kokufumana isiqabu esifutshane kuxinzelelo.
• Unengxaki ezinkulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngenxa yezi ngcinga kunye namasiko.

Abantu abane-OCD banokuba neengxaki zokufunda, ezifana:

• Amehlo aqhwanyazayo
• Ubuso obumnyama
• Ukuhlikihla amagxa
• Intloko ijija
• Ukuphindaphindwa kokucocwa komqala, ukujoja okanye ukukrokra izandi

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusekwe kudliwanondlebe lomntu kunye namalungu osapho. Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokulawula izizathu ezingokwasemzimbeni. Uvavanyo lwempilo yengqondo lunokulawula ezinye iingxaki zengqondo.

Amaphepha emibuzo anokunceda ekuchongeni i-OCD kunye nokujonga inkqubela phambili yonyango.

I-OCD inyangwa kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yamayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha.

Amayeza asetyenziswayo abandakanya i-antidepressants, antipsychotic, kunye neemood stabilizers.

Unyango lokuthetha (unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo; i-CBT) ibonakalisiwe iyasebenza kwesi sifo. Ngexesha lonyango, umntu uvezwa kaninzi kwimeko ebangela iingcinga ezingafunekiyo kwaye afunde ukunyamezela ngokuthe ngcembe uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhathisa umnqweno wokwenza ukunyanzelwa. Unyango lunokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokusombulula ukungavisisani kwangaphakathi.

Unokwenza lula uxinzelelo lokuba ne-OCD ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Amaqela enkxaso ahlala engekho endaweni elungileyo yonyango lwentetho okanye ukuthatha amayeza, kodwa kunokuba longezo oluluncedo.

• Isiseko se-OCD samanye amazwe- iocdf.org/ocd-finding-help/supportgroups/
• IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo- www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help/index.shtml

I-OCD sisifo sexesha elide (esinganyangekiyo) esinamaxesha eempawu ezinzima ezilandelwa ngamaxesha okuphucula. Ixesha elingenazo kwaphela iimpawu aliqhelekanga. Uninzi lwabantu luphucula ngonyango.

Iingxaki zexesha elide ze-OCD zinento yokwenza nohlobo lokuzibamba okanye ukunyanzelwa. Umzekelo, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo kunokubangela ukonakala kolusu. I-OCD ayihlali iye kwenye ingxaki yengqondo.

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho ziphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi, okanye ubudlelwane.

Ukujonga ngokunyanzelwa kwe-neurosis; I-OCD

• Ubume obungalunganga obuphambanisayo

Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Ukujonga okungafunekiyo okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokunxulumene noko. Ku: Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika, u-ed. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 235-264.

U-Lyness JM. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunyango. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 369.

UStewart SE, uLafleur D, uDougherty DD, uWilhelm S, uKeuthen NJ, uJenike MA. Ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo kunye nokuhambelana. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 33.