Ukungaphumeleli

Ukungaphumeleli kubhekisa kubantwana abanobunzima obukhoyo ngoku okanye inqanaba lokufumana ubunzima lingaphantsi kakhulu kunelabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo nesini.

Ukungaphumeleli kunokubangelwa ziingxaki zonyango okanye izinto kwimeko yomntwana, njengokuxhatshazwa okanye ukungakhathalelwa.

Zininzi izizathu zonyango zokungaphumeleli. Oku kubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zemfuza, ezinjenge-Down syndrome
• Iingxaki zomzimba
• Iingxaki zeHormone
• Ukonakala kwengqondo okanye inkqubo ye-nervous system, enokubangela ubunzima bokutya kusana
• Iingxaki zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga, ezinokuthi zichaphazele indlela izondlo ezihamba ngayo emzimbeni
• Anemia okanye ezinye iingxaki zegazi
• Iingxaki zesisu ezenza kube nzima ukufunxa izakhamzimba okanye zibangele ukunqongophala kwee-enzymes zesisu
• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) ukusuleleka
• Iingxaki zemetabolism
• Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi

Izinto kwimeko yomntwana zibandakanya:

• Ukuphulukana kokudibana ngokweemvakalelo phakathi komzali nomntwana
• Intlupheko
• Iingxaki kubudlelwane nomgcini womntwana
• Abazali abaziqondi iimfuno zokutya ezifanelekileyo zomntwana wabo
• Ukubonakaliswa kwizifo, iipasasites, okanye i-toxins
• Imikhwa engalunganga yokutya, njengokutya phambi komabonwakude kwaye ungabinamaxesha okutya amiselweyo

Amaxesha amaninzi, unobangela awunakumiselwa.

Abantwana abangaphumeleliyo ukukhula bengakhuli kwaye bakhule ngokwesiqhelo xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo. Kubonakala ngathi zincinci kakhulu okanye zimfutshane. Abakwishumi elivisayo basenokungabi nalo utshintsho oluqhelekileyo olwenzeka xa befikisa.

Iimpawu zokungaphumeleli zibandakanya:

• Ukuphakama, ubunzima, kunye nokujikeleza kwentloko akuhambelani neetshathi ezikhulayo
• Ubunzima bungaphantsi kwesithathu sepesenti yeetshathi zokukhula eziqhelekileyo okanye i-20% ngaphantsi kwesisindo esifanelekileyo sokuphakama kwabo
• Ukukhula kunokuba kunciphise okanye kuyeke

Oku kulandelayo kunokulibaziseka okanye kucothe ukukhula kubantwana abangaphumeleliyo ukukhula:

• Izakhono zomzimba, njengokuziqengqa, ukuhlala, ukuma nokuhamba
• Izakhono zengqondo nezentlalo
• Iimpawu zesondo zesibini (ukulibaziseka kulutsha)

Iintsana ezingaphumeleliyo ekutyebeni okanye ekukhuleni zihlala zingenamdla wokondla okanye zinengxaki yokufumana isixa esifanelekileyo sesondlo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungondleki.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonwe emntwaneni ongaphumeleliyo zibandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukulila kakhulu
• Ukulala kakhulu (ukonqena)
• Ukucaphuka

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye ajonge ukuphakama komntwana, ubunzima, kunye nokumila komzimba. Abazali baya kubuzwa malunga nembali yonyango kunye nosapho lomntwana.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba luVavanyo loPhuculo loPhuculo lweDenver lunokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa nakuphi na ukulibaziseka kuphuhliso. Itshathi yokukhula echaza zonke iintlobo zokukhula ukusukela ekuzalweni kuyenziwa.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ibhalansi ye-Electrolyte
• I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis ukujonga iimeko ezinje ngesifo serhengqa
• Izifundo zeHormone, kubandakanya novavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid
• IX-ray ukumisela ubudala bethambo
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokukhula okulibazisekileyo kunye nophuhliso. Ukukhula okulibazisekileyo ngenxa yeengxaki zesondlo kunokuncedwa ngokubonisa abazali indlela yokubonelela ngokutya okulungeleleneyo.

Musa ukunika umntwana wakho izongezo zokutya ezinje ngeNyusa okanye Qinisekisa ngaphandle kokuthetha nomboneleli wakho kuqala.

Olunye unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni imeko imbi kangakanani. Kunokucetyiswa oku kulandelayo:

• Yandisa inani leekhalori kunye nenani lolwelo olufunywayo lusana
• Lungisa nakuphi na ukusilela kweevithamini okanye izimbiwa
• Chonga kwaye uphathe nayiphi na imeko yonyango

Umntwana unokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele okwethutyana.

Unyango lusenokubandakanya ukuphucula ubudlelwane bosapho kunye neemeko zokuhlala.

Ukukhula kwesiqhelo kunye nokukhula kunokuchaphazeleka ukuba umntwana akaphumeleli ukukhula ixesha elide.

Ukukhula kwesiqhelo kunye nokukhula kunokuqhubeka ukuba umntwana uye wasilela ukukhula ixesha elifutshane, kwaye unobangela umiselwe kwaye wanyangwa.

Ukulibaziseka okungapheliyo kwengqondo, kweemvakalelo, okanye komzimba kunokubakho.

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho akabonakali ngathi ukhula ngesiqhelo.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokunceda ekuboneni ukusilela ekukhuleni ebantwaneni.

Ukungaphumeleli ukukhula; FTT; Ingxaki yokondla; Ukutya okungalunganga

• Isondlo sangaphakathi-iingxaki zokulawula umntwana
• Ityhubhu yokondla isisu - i-bolus
• Ityhubhu yokondla iJejunostomy

UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM. Ukusilela ukukhula. Ku: UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM, ii-eds. UNelson oBalulekileyo kwiPediatrics. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 21.

UTray F, uRudolph JA. Isondlo kunye ne-gastroenterology. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ii-eds. UZitelli no-Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 11.