Umhlaza womqala okanye womqala

Umhlaza womqala ngumhlaza wemithambo yezwi, ingqula (ibhokisi yelizwi), okanye ezinye iindawo zomqala.

Abantu abatshayayo okanye abasebenzisa icuba basemngciphekweni wokuba nomhlaza womqala. Ukusela kakhulu utywala ixesha elide kukonyusa umngcipheko. Ukutshaya nokusela utywala kudityanisiwe kukhokelela kumngcipheko okhulayo womhlaza womqala.

Uninzi lomhlaza womqala ukhula kubantu abadala abadala kunama-50. Amadoda kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunabafazi ukuba babe nomhlaza womqala.

Usulelo lomntu lwe-papillomavirus (HPV) (intsholongwane efanayo ebangela ii-warts zangasese) i-akhawunti yenani elikhulu lomhlaza womlomo kunye nomqala kunangaphambili. Olunye uhlobo lwe-HPV, uhlobo lwe-16 okanye i-HPV-16, luqheleke kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa phantse nayo yonke imihlaza yomqala.

Iimpawu zomhlaza womqala zibandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Izandi ezingaqhelekanga (eziphakamileyo) zokuphefumla izandi
• Khohlela
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukuduma okungangcono kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4
• Intamo okanye intlungu yendlebe
• Umqala obuhlungu ongapholiyo kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, nkqu namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane
• Ukudumba okanye amaqhuma entanyeni
• Ukwehla kobunzima hayi ngenxa yokutya

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Oku kungabonisa iqhuma ngaphandle kwentamo.

Umboneleli unokujonga emqaleni okanye empumlweni usebenzisa ityhubhu eguqukayo enekhamera encinci ekugqibeleni.

Olunye uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• I-Biopsy yesifo esikrokrelwayo. Esi sihlunu siya kuvavanyelwa i-HPV.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifuba kwe-CT.
• Uvavanyo lwe-CT lwentloko nentamo.
• I-MRI yentloko okanye yentamo.
• Ukuskena iPET.

Injongo yonyango kukususa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza kunye nokuwuthintela ukusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa ithumba lincinci, nokuba kungenziwa utyando okanye unyango ngemitha kuphela kunokusetyenziswa ukususa ithumba.

Xa ithumba likhulu okanye lisasazekile kwii-lymph node entanyeni, indibaniselwano yemitha kunye nekhemotherapy zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukugcina ibhokisi yezwi (iintambo zamagama). Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, ibhokisi yelizwi iyasuswa. Olu tyando kuthiwa laryngectomy.

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olifunayo, unyango oluxhasayo olunokufuneka lubandakanya:

• Unyango lwentetho.
• Unyango lokunceda ngokuhlafuna nokuginya.
• Ukufunda ukutya iiprotheyini ezaneleyo kunye neekhalori ukugcina ubunzima bakho bonyukile. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nokutya okungamanzi okunokukunceda.
• Nceda ngomlomo owomileyo.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza.Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Umhlaza womqala unokunyangeka xa ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Ukuba umhlaza awuzange usasazeke (umastastasized) kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo okanye i-lymph node entanyeni, malunga nesiqingatha sezigulana sinokunyanga. Ukuba umhlaza uye wasasazeka kwii-lymph node kunye neendawo zomzimba ngaphandle kwentloko nentamo, umhlaza awunyangeki. Unyango lujolise ekwandiseni nasekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi.

Kuyenzeka kodwa kungangqinwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba umhlaza ovavanya ukuba une-HPV unokuba nembono engcono. Kananjalo, abantu abatshayayo iminyaka engaphantsi kweshumi banokwenza ngcono.

Emva konyango, unyango luyafuneka ukunceda ekuthetheni nasekuginyeni. Ukuba umntu akakwazi ukugwinya, kuya kufuneka ityhubhu yokondla.

Umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda kumhlaza womqala uphezulu kakhulu kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 yokuqala yokuxilongwa.

Ukulandelwa rhoqo emva kokuxilongwa kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu ekunyuseni amathuba okusinda.

Iingxaki zolu hlobo lomhlaza zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka komoya
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukonakala kwentamo okanye kobuso
• Ukuqina kolusu lwentamo
• Ukuphulukana nelizwi nokuthetha
• Ukusasazeka komhlaza kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (metastasis)

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba:

• Unempawu zomhlaza womqala, ngakumbi ukugcwala okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo esihlala ixesha elide kuneeveki ezi-3
• Ufumana iqhuma entanyeni yakho elingapheliyo kwiiveki ezi-3

Musa ukutshaya okanye usebenzise elinye icuba. Nciphisa okanye unqande ukusetyenziswa kotywala.

Amachiza e-HPV acetyiswayo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci bajolise kwi-HPV subtypes ikakhulu enokubangela eminye imihlaza yomqala neyentamo. Babonakalisile ukuthintela uninzi losulelo lomlomo lwe-HPV. Akukacaci nangoku ukuba bayakwazi na ukuthintela umhlaza womqala okanye womqala.

Umhlaza womtya wentambo; Umhlaza womqala; Umhlaza welaryngeal; Umhlaza weglottis; Umhlaza we-oropharynx okanye i-hypopharynx; Umhlaza weetoni; Umhlaza wesiseko solwimi

• Umlomo owomileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza
• Umlomo kunye nentamo radiation - ukukhutshwa
• Ukuginya iingxaki

• Umqala womzimba
• I-Oropharynx

I-Armstrong WB, iVokes DE, iTjoa T, iVerma SP. Amathumba amabi kwingqula. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 105.

Igadi AS, uMorrison WH. Umhlaza weLarynx kunye nomhlaza wehypopharynx. Ku: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, ii-eds. Gunderson kunye neTepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 41.

I-Lorenz RR, i-Couch ME, iBurkey BB. Intloko nentamo. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 33.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza weNasopharyngeal (yabantu abadala) (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/nasopharyngeal- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Agasti 30, 2019. Kufikeleleke ngoFebruwari 12, 2021.

I-Rettig E, i-Gourin CG, i-Fakhry C. I-papillomavirus yomntu kunye ne-epidemiology yomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahl. 74.