Seswekile

Isifo seswekile sisifo sexesha elide (esinganyangekiyo) apho umzimba ungenakho ukulawula ubungakanani beswekile esegazini.

I-insulin yihomoni eveliswa yipancreas yokulawula iswekile yegazi. Isifo seswekile sinokubangelwa yi-insulin encinci, ukumelana ne-insulin, okanye zombini.

Ukuqonda isifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuba uqale uqonde inkqubo yesiqhelo apho ukutya kukwaphulwa kwaye kusetyenziswe umzimba ukufumana amandla. Zininzi izinto ezenzekayo xa ukutya kugaywa kwaye kufakwa:

• Iswekile ebizwa ngokuba yiglucose ingena egazini. Iswekile ngumthombo wamafutha emzimbeni.
• Ilungu elibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas lenza i-insulin. Indima ye-insulin kukususa iswekile egazini iye kwimisipha, kumanqatha nakwezinye iiseli, apho inokugcinwa okanye isetyenziswe njengamafutha.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile baneswekile eninzi yegazi kuba umzimba wabo awunako ukuhambisa iswekile egazini iye kwiimisipha kunye neeseli ezinamanqatha ukuba zitshiswe okanye zigcinelwe amandla, kunye / okanye ngenxa yokuba isibindi sabo senza iswekile eninzi kwaye siyikhuphe egazini. Kungenxa yokuba nokuba:

• I-pancreas ayenzi i-insulin eyaneleyo
• Iiseli zazo aziphenduli kwi-insulin ngesiqhelo
• Zombini ezi zinto zingasentla

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zesifo seswekile. Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko yahlukile kuhlobo ngalunye:

• Uhlobo lwe-1 lweswekile aluqhelekanga. Inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa ihlala ifunyaniswa ebantwaneni, kulutsha, okanye kubantu abadala. Kwesi sifo, umzimba wenza i-insulin encinci okanye ungabinayo kwaphela. Kungenxa yokuba iiseli zepancreas ezenza i-insulin iyeke ukusebenza. Inaliti yemihla ngemihla ye-insulin iyafuneka. Oyena nobangela wokungaphumeleli ukwenza i-insulin eyaneleyo akaziwa.
• Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile luxhaphake. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa sele umdala, kodwa ngenxa yokutya kakhulu, abantwana kunye nolutsha ngoku bayafunyaniswa benesi sifo. Abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abazi ukuba banaso. Ngohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, umzimba uyamelana ne-insulin kwaye ayisebenzisi i-insulin njengoko kufanelekile. Ayingabo bonke abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abatyebe kakhulu okanye abatyebe kakhulu.
• Kukho ezinye izizathu zesifo seswekile, kwaye abanye abantu abanakho ukuhlelwa njengohlobo 1 okanye udidi 2.

Isifo seswekile sikamama siswekile ephezulu yegazi ekhula nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kowasetyhini ongenaso isifo seswekile.

Ukuba umzali wakho, umntakwenu, okanye udadewenu unesifo seswekile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nesi sifo.

Inqanaba leswekile yegazi ephezulu kunokubangela iimpawu ezininzi, kubandakanya:

• Umbono ongenangqondo
• Ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuchama rhoqo
• Indlala
• Ukuhla ukusinda

Ngenxa yokuba uhlobo 2 lweswekile lukhula kancinci, abanye abantu abaneswekile ephezulu yegazi abanazimpawu.

Iimpawu zohlobo 1 lweswekile zikhula kwithuba elifutshane. Abantu banokugula kakhulu ngexesha lokufunyanwa kwabo.

Emva kweminyaka emininzi, isifo seswekile singakhokelela kwezinye iingxaki ezinzulu. Ezi ngxaki zaziwa njengeengxaki zeswekile, kwaye zibandakanya:

• Iingxaki zamehlo, kubandakanya ukungaboni kakuhle (ngakumbi ebusuku), ubuntununtunu bokukhanya, kunye nokungaboni
• Izilonda kunye nosulelo lomlenze okanye unyawo, okuthi xa kunganyangwa, kungakhokelela ekunqunyulweni komlenze okanye unyawo
• Ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo emzimbeni, kubangela iintlungu, ukurhawuzelela, ukulahleka kwemvakalelo, iingxaki zokwetyisa ukutya, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni.
• Iingxaki zezintso, ezinokubangela ukusilela kwezintso
• Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, anokukhokelela kukosuleleka rhoqo
• Ukwanda kwamathuba okuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha

Uhlalutyo lomchamo lunokubonisa iswekile ephezulu yegazi. Kodwa uvavanyo lomchamo kuphela aluchongi isifo seswekile.

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokukrokrela ukuba unesifo seswekile ukuba inqanaba leswekile yegazi lakho liphezulu kune-200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L). Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kufuneka kwenziwe olunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi:

• Ukuzila ukutya kwinqanaba leglucose. Isifo seswekile sifunyaniswa ukuba inqanaba leswekile yeglucose yi-126 mg / dL (7.0 mmol / L) okanye ngaphezulu kwiimvavanyo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Amanqanaba aphakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-125 mg / dL (5.5 kunye ne-7.0 mmol / L) abizwa ngokuba yi-glucose yokuzila ukutya okanye i-prediabetes. La manqanaba ayimingcipheko yohlobo lwesibini lweswekile.
• Uvavanyo lweHemoglobin A1C (A1C). Ngokwesiqhelo ingaphantsi kwe-5.7%; i-prediabetes yi-5.7% ukuya kwi-6.4%; kwaye isifo seswekile sikwi-6.5% okanye ngaphezulu.
• Uvavanyo lokunyamezelana ngeswekile yomlomo. Isifo seswekile sifunyaniswa ukuba inqanaba leswekile ingama-200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) okanye ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-2 emva kokusela isiselo esikhethekileyo esineesigrama ezingama-75 (olu vavanyo lusetyenziswa rhoqo kuhlobo lweswekile yesi-2).

Ukuvavanywa kohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kubantu abangenazo iimpawu kucetyiswa ukuba:

• Ukutyeba kakhulu abantwana abaneminye imingcipheko yesifo seswekile, ukuqala kubudala be-10 kunye nokuphindaphinda yonke iminyaka emi-3.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu komzimba (i-BMI engama-25 okanye ngaphezulu) abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye ukuba nomama, utata, udade okanye umntakwabo onesifo seswekile.
• Abafazi abagqithisileyo abanezinye izinto ezinomngcipheko njengoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu abaceba ukukhulelwa.
  
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45, abaphindaphindwayo rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-3 okanye bebancinci ukuba umntu unemingcipheko.

Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile ngamanye amaxesha lunokubuyiselwa kwiinguqu kwindlela yokuphila, ngakumbi ukunciphisa umzimba ngokuzilolonga nangokutya ukutya okusempilweni. Ezinye iimeko zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile zinokuphuculwa ngotyando lokulahleka kobunzima.

Akukho lunyango lohlobo 1 lweswekile (ngaphandle kwepancreas okanye ukufakelwa kweselfowuni).

Ukunyanga naluphi na uhlobo lweswekile okanye udidi lwesibini lweswekile kubandakanya ukutya, umsebenzi kunye namayeza okulawula inqanaba leswekile esegazini.

Wonke umntu onesifo seswekile kufuneka afumane imfundo efanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso malunga nezona ndlela zokulawula isifo seswekile. Buza umboneleli wakho malunga nokubona utitshala oqinisekisiweyo weswekile (CDE).

Ukufumana ulawulo olungcono kwiswekile yegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sezintso, isifo samehlo, isifo se-nervous system, isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

Ukuthintela iingxaki zeswekile, ndwendwela umboneleli wakho amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwayi-4 ngonyaka. Thetha ngazo naziphi na iingxaki onazo. Landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wakho ngokulawula isifo seswekile.

Izixhobo ezininzi zinokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ngesifo seswekile. Ukuba unesifo seswekile, unokufunda neendlela zokulawula imeko yakho kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zeswekile.

Isifo seswekile sisifo esihlala ixesha elide kubantu abaninzi abanaso.

Ulawulo olungqongqo lweglucose yegazi lunokuthintela okanye lucothise iingxaki zeswekile. Kodwa ezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka, nakubantu abanolawulo olufanelekileyo lwesifo seswekile.

Emva kweminyaka emininzi, isifo seswekile singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo:

• Unokuba neengxaki zamehlo, kubandakanya nokubona ingxaki (ngakumbi ebusuku), kunye nokuziva kokukhanya. Unokuba yimfama.
• Iinyawo zakho kunye nesikhumba kunokukhulisa izilonda kunye nosulelo. Emva kwexesha elide, unyawo okanye umlenze ungadinga ukunqunyulwa. Usulelo lunokubangela iintlungu kunye nokurhawuzelela kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• Isifo seswekile sinokwenza kube nzima ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye necholesterol. Oku kunokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye nezinye iingxaki. Kungaba nzima ukuba igazi lihambe liye emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho.
• Amathambo emzimbeni wakho angonzakala, abangele iintlungu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokuba ndindisholo.
• Ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo, unokuba neengxaki ekucoleni ukutya okutyayo. Unokuziva ubuthathaka okanye unengxaki yokuya kwindlu yangasese. Umonakalo wemithambo unokwenza kube nzima ukuba amadoda abe nolwakhiwo.
• Iswekile ephezulu yegazi kunye nezinye iingxaki kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwezintso. Izintso zakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle njengangaphambili. Banokude bayeke ukusebenza ukuze udinga i-dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso.
• Amajoni akho omzimba anokuba buthathaka, nto leyo enokukhokelela kukosuleleka rhoqo.

Ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba obulungileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo kunokuthintela okanye kulibazise ukuqala kohlobo lweswekile 2. Ukuba utyebe kakhulu, ukuphulukana ne-5% kuphela yesisindo somzimba wakho kunokunciphisa umngcipheko. Amanye amayeza anokusetyenziselwa ukulibazisa okanye ukuthintela ukuqala kohlobo lweswekile yesi-2.

Ngeli xesha, uhlobo 1 lweswekile alunakuthintelwa. Kodwa kukho uphando oluthembisayo olubonisa uhlobo lweswekile olunokuthi lubambezeleke kwabanye abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Iswekile - uhlobo 1; Iswekile - uhlobo 2; Iswekile - ukukhulelwa; Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile; Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile; Isifo seswekile; Iswekile yemellitus

• Isifo seswekile - izilonda unyawo
• Isifo seswekile - ukunyamekela iinyawo zakho
• Isifo seswekile - xa ugula

• Amadlala endocrine
• Ukujonga kwakhona isifo seswekile
• Iillet zaseLangerhans
• Iipancreas
• Impompo ye-insulin
• Chwetheza isifo seswekile
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi leswekile ngeenyawo
• Ukutya kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-insulin
• Imveliso ye-insulin kunye neswekile
• Ukujonga eswekile yegazi-Uthotho
• Necrobiosis lipoidica seswekile - isisu
• Necrobiosis lipoidica seswekile - umlenze

Umbutho weSwekile yaseMelika. 2. Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokuchonga isifo seswekile: imigangatho yokhathalelo lonyango kwisifo seswekile-2020. Unonophelo lweSwekile. 2020; 43 (iSuppl 1): S14-S31. IINKCUKACHA: 31862745 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862745/.

UAtkinson MA, uMcgill DE, uDassau E, uLaffel L. Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus, RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 36.

Iqhina MC, Ahmann AJ. Unyango lohlobo 2 lweswekile. Ku: UMelmed S, uAuchus, RJ, uGoldfine AB, uKoenig RJ, uRosen CJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaWilliam ye-Endocrinology. Umhla we-14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 35.