Umhlaza wamatyhalarha

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha ngumhlaza oqala kumasende. Amatyhalarha ngamadlala okuzala awesilisa akwisikhungu.

Isizathu ngqo somhlaza wamatyhalarha asiqondwa kakuhle. Izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wendoda wokuba nomhlaza wamatyhalarha zezi:

• Uphuhliso olungaqhelekanga lwetyhalarha
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimichiza ethile
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wamatyhalarha
• Usulelo lwe-HIV
• Imbali yomhlaza wamatyhalarha
• Imbali yamatyhalarha angafunekiyo (elinye okanye omabini amasende asilele ukuya kwisikram ngaphambi kokuzalwa)
• Isifo seKlinefelter
• Ukungachumi
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba
• Isifo esiphantsi

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha ngowona mhlaza uxhaphakileyo kumadoda aselula naphakathi kweminyaka yobudala. Inokwenzeka nakwamadoda amadala, kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kubafana abancinci.

Amadoda amhlophe anokwenzeka ngakumbi kunamadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika nase-Asia aseMelika ukuphuhlisa olu hlobo lomhlaza.

Akukho nxu lumano phakathi kwe-vasectomy kunye nomhlaza wamatyhalarha.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wamatyhalarha:

• Iisemina
• Iimpawu

Ezi zomhlaza zikhula kwiiseli zentsholongwane, iiseli ezenza isidoda.

I-Seminoma: Olu luhlobo olukhula kancinci lomhlaza wamatyhalarha ofunyanwa kumadoda akwiminyaka yama-40 nama-50. Umhlaza uku-testes, kodwa unokusasazeka kwii-lymph node. Ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node kunganyangwa nge-radiotherapy okanye i-chemotherapy. IiSeminomas zibuthathaka kakhulu kunyango lwe-radiation.

I-Nonseminoma: Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamatyhalarha ludla ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kuneesemina.

Amathumba e-Nonseminoma ahlala enoluhlobo olungaphezulu kolunye lweseli, kwaye achongwa ngokwezi ntlobo zeeseli:

• I-Choriocarcinoma (inqabile)
• I-embryonal carcinoma
• Teratoma
• Ithumba lengxowa yesol

Ithumba eliqhekezayo luhlobo olunqabileyo lwethumba lamatyhalarha. Bahlala bengenawo umhlaza. Ezona ntlobo zimbini zamathumba stromal ziiLeydig cell tumors kunye ne-Sertoli cell tumors. Amathumba eStromal ahlala ekhula ebuntwaneni.

Kungangabikho mpawu. Umhlaza unokujongeka njengobunzima obungenazintlungu kwiimvavanyo. Ukuba kukho iimpawu, zinokubandakanya:

• Ukungakhululeki okanye iintlungu kwityhalarha, okanye imvakalelo yobunzima kwisingxobo samatyhalarha
• Intlungu kumqolo okanye emazantsi esisu
• Ityhalarha elandisiweyo okanye utshintsho kwindlela evakalelwa ngayo
• Inani elongezelelekileyo leethishu zamabele (gynecomastia), nangona kunjalo oku kunokwenzeka ngesiqhelo kubafana abafikisayo abangenawo umhlaza wamatyhalarha.
• Isigaqa okanye ukudumba nokuba liliphi ityhalarha

Iimpawu ezikwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezinje ngemiphunga, isisu, isinqe, umqolo, okanye ingqondo, zinokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwamatyhalarha.

Uvavanyo lomzimba luveza ubukhulu besigaqa esiqinileyo kwelinye lamatyhalarha. Xa umboneleli wezempilo ephethe isibane esifikelela kwisingxobo samatyhalarha, isibane asidluli kwiqhuma. Olu viwo lubizwa ngokuba kukuguqulwa komzimba.

Olunye uvavanyo lubandakanya:

• Isisu kunye ne-pelvic CT scan
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwamanqaku ethumba: i-alpha fetoprotein (AFP), ichorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), kunye ne-lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Ultrasound yesingxobo samatyhalarha
• Ukuskena kwamathambo kunye nentloko ye-CT scan (ukukhangela ukusasazeka komhlaza emathanjeni nasentloko)
• Ingqondo ye-MRI

Unyango luxhomekeke:

• Uhlobo lwethumba lobungqina
• Inqanaba lethumba

Nje ukuba umhlaza ufumaneke, inyathelo lokuqala kukufumanisa uhlobo lweseli yomhlaza ngokuwuhlola ngemicroscope. Iiseli zinokuba seminoma, nonseminoma, okanye zombini.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza sele usasazeke kangakanani na kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "staging."

• Inqanaba I umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphaya kwetyhalarha.
• Umhlaza weSigaba II usasazeke kwii-lymph node esiswini.
• Umhlaza weSigaba se-III usasazeke ngaphaya kwe-lymph node (inokuba isibindi, imiphunga, okanye ingqondo).

Zintathu iintlobo zonyango ezinokusetyenziswa.

• Unyango lotyando lususa ityhalarha (orchiectomy).
• Unyango lwe-radiation usebenzisa idosi ephezulu ye-x-reyi okanye enye imitha yamandla aphezulu inokusetyenziswa emva kotyando ukunqanda ithumba ekubuyeni. Unyango ngemitha luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iisemina.
• I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango luphucule kakhulu ukusinda kwabantu abaneeseminomas kunye ne-nonseminomas.

Ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso apho amalungu abelana ngamava aqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki kunokuhlala kunceda uxinzelelo lokugula.

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha yenye yezona zomhlaza zinokunyangeka kwaye ziyanyangeka.

Inqanaba lokusinda kwamadoda ane-seminoma yamanqanaba okuqala (elona hlobo lincinci lomhlaza wamatyhalarha) likhulu kune-95%. Izinga lokusinda elingenasifo kwiCandelo II kunye no-III lomhlaza liphantsi kancinci, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bethumba naxa unyango luqalisiwe.

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha unganwenwela nakwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya:

• Isibindi
• Amaphaphu
• Indawo ye-Retroperitoneal (indawo ekufuphi nezintso ngasemva kwamanye amalungu akwindawo esiswini)
• Ingqondo
• Ithambo

Iingxaki zoqhaqho zingabandakanya:

• Ukopha kunye nosulelo emva kotyando
• Ukungachumi (ukuba omabini amasende ayasuswa)

Abasindileyo bomhlaza wamatyhalarha basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula:

• Amathumba amabini amabi (umhlaza wesibini owenzeka kwindawo eyahlukileyo emzimbeni ophuhla emva konyango lomhlaza wokuqala)
• Izifo zentliziyo
• Isifo seMetabolic syndrome

Kwakhona, iingxaki zexesha elide kumaxhoba omhlaza zingabandakanya:

• I-peripheral neuropathy
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
• Ukonakala kwendlebe yangaphakathi kumayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ungafuna ukuba nabantwana kwixa elizayo, buza umboneleli wakho malunga neendlela zokonga isidoda sakho ukuze sisetyenziswe kamva.

Tsalela umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu zomhlaza wamatyhalarha.

Ukwenza uvavanyo lokuzivavanya (i-TSE) inyanga nenyanga kunokunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza wamatyhalarhume kwangoko, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke. Ukufumana umhlaza wamatyhalarha kwangoko kubalulekile kunyango olusebenzayo kunye nokusinda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlolwa komhlaza wamatyhalarha akukhuthazwa kubemi ngokubanzi eUnited States.

Umhlaza - iimvavanyo; Ithumba leseli leGerm; Umhlaza wamatyhalarha eSeminoma; Umhlaza wamatyhalarha iNonseminoma; Ityhubhu yovavanyo

• I-Chemotherapy -yintoni oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho
• Unyango ngemitha- imibuzo oza kuyibuza ugqirha wakho

• I-anatomy yokuzala eyindoda
• Inkqubo yokuzala eyindoda

U-Einhorn LH. Umhlaza wamatyhalarha. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 190.

I-Friedlander TW, i-EJ encinci. Umhlaza wamatyhalarha. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 83.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza wamatyhalarha (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/hp/nyango-zonyango-pdq#section/_85. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 21, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 5, 2020.