Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO

A, B, AB, kunye no-O ziindidi zegazi eziphambili ezi-4. Iindidi zisekwe kwizinto ezincinci (iimolekyuli) kumphezulu weeseli zegazi.

Xa abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi olunye befumana igazi lomntu onoluhlobo olwahlukileyo lwegazi, kunokubangela ukuba amajoni abo omzimba asabele. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungangqinelani kwe-ABO.

Ngenxa yeendlela zangoku zokuvavanya, le ngxaki inqabile.

Iindidi zegazi ezahlukeneyo zezi:

• Uhlobo lwe-A
• Uhlobo B
• Uhlobo lwe-AB
• Uhlobo O

Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi olunye banokwenza iiproteni (izilwa-buhlungu) ezenza amajoni abo omzimba aphendule ngokuchasene nolunye okanye nangaphezulu kolunye udidi lwegazi.

Ukuvezwa kolunye uhlobo lwegazi kunokubangela impendulo. Oku kubalulekile xa umntu efuna ukufumana igazi (utofelo-gazi) okanye ukufakelwa ilungu. Iindidi zegazi kufuneka zihambelane ukunqanda ukusabela okungahambelani kwe-ABO.

Umzekelo:

• Abantu abanegazi A baya kusabela ngokuchasene nohlobo B okanye uhlobo lwegazi le-AB.
• Abantu abanegazi B baya kusabela ngokuchasene nohlobo A okanye uhlobo lwegazi le-AB.
• Abantu abane-O yegazi baya kusabela kuhlobo A, uhlobo B, okanye uhlobo lwegazi le-AB.
• Abantu abane-AB yegazi abayi kusabela kuhlobo A, uhlobo B, uhlobo AB, okanye uhlobo O lwegazi.

Uhlobo O lwegazi alubangeli mpendulo xa unikwa abantu abanohlobo A, uhlobo B, okanye uhlobo lwegazi le-AB. Kungenxa yoko le nto O iiseli zegazi zinokunikwa abantu balo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Abantu abane-O yegazi babizwa ngokuba banikeli jikelele. Kodwa abantu abanohlobo O banokufumana kuphela uhlobo O lwegazi.

Zombini igazi kunye notofelo-gazi kufuneka lilinganiswe ukunqanda ukuphendula komzimba. Ngaphambi kokuba nabani na afumane igazi, igazi kunye nomntu olifumanayo bavavanywa ngononophelo ukunqanda ukusabela. Ngokwesiqhelo, impendulo iyenzeka ngenxa yempazamo yokubhala ebangela ukuba umntu afumane igazi elingahambelaniyo.

Oku kulandelayo ziimpawu ze-ABO ezingahambelaniyo notofelo-gazi:

• Intlungu ebuyela emva
• Igazi kumchamo
• Ukugodola
• Ukuziva "ngembubhiso ezayo"
• Ifiva
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukunyuka kwentliziyo
• Iintlungu kwindawo yokumnika
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• I-Bronchospasm (i-spasm yeemisipha ezifaka umphunga; zibangela ukukhwehlela)
• Isikhumba esimthubi kunye namhlophe ngamehlo (jaundice)
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Isasazwe i-intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Uvavanyo lwegazi luza kuhlala lubonisa:

• Inqanaba le-bilirubin liphezulu
• Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) libonisa ukonakala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye i-anemia
• Igazi lomamkeli nelomnikeli alihambelani
• I-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ephakamileyo
• Ukuphakanyiswa kwegazi urea nitrogen (BUN) kunye ne-creatinine; kwimeko yokulimala kwezintso
• Ixesha elide leprothrombin okanye ixesha le-thromboplastin (ukufunyanwa kwe-DIC)
• Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwe-antiglobulin (DAT)

Uvavanyo lomchamo lubonisa ubukho behemoglobin ngenxa yokonakala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Kwimeko yayo nayiphi na impendulo, utofelo-gazi kufuneka lumiswe kwangoko. Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izinto ezichasayo (antihistamines)
• Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudumba kunye ne-aleji (i-steroids)
• Ulwelo olunikwa ngomthambo (ngaphakathi)
• Amayeza okuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ukuba yehla kakhulu

Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO kunokuba yingxaki enkulu enokubangela ukufa. Ngonyango oluchanekileyo nolufike ngexesha, kulindeleke ukuba uchache ngokupheleleyo.

Iingxaki ezinokubangela zibandakanya:

• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi lufuna ukhathalelo olunzulu
• Ukufa

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba usandula ukufakelwa igazi okanye ukufakelwa kwaye uneempawu zokungahambelani kweABO.

Ukuvavanywa ngononophelo komnikeli kunye nezo zamkelwa iintlobo zegazi ngaphambi kotofelo okanye ukufakelwa kungathintela le ngxaki.

Ukusabela gazi - hemolytic; Basabela hemolytic igazi; AHTR; Ukungangqinelani kwegazi- ABO

• Usana olugqityiweyo
• Iintsholongwane

IKaide CG, iThompson LR. Unyango lotofelo-gazi: iimveliso zegazi kunye nezegazi. Ku: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, ii-eds. Iinkqubo zeKlinikhi zikaRoberts kunye neHedges kwiNyango kaXakeka kunye noKhathalelo oluQhelekileyo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 28.

IManis JP. Izinto zegazi, ukuvavanywa kwegazi, kunye nokusabela kotofelo. Ku: Rifai N, ed. I-Tietz yeNcwadi yeKlinikhi yeKhemistry kunye neDiagnostics yeMolekyuli. Umhla wesi-6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2018: isahl 81.

Unyango T. Unyango lwecandelo legazi kunye nokusabela kutofelo-gazi. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2020: 394-400.