Meningococcemia

I-Meningococcemia sisifo esosulelayo esisongela ubomi.

I-Meningococcemia ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba I-Neisseria meningitidis. Iibhaktheriya zihlala zihlala kummandla womntu wokuphefumula ngaphandle kokubangela iimpawu zokugula. Ziyakwazi ukusasazeka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Umzekelo, usenokosuleleka xa ukunye nomntu onale meko aze athimle okanye akhohlele.

Amalungu osapho kunye nabo basesichengeni kumntu onale mngcipheko basengozini enkulu. Usulelo lwenzeka rhoqo ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Kunokubakho iimpawu ezimbalwa ekuqaleni. Ezinye zingabandakanya:

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukucaphuka
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Isicaphucaphu
• Irhashalala enamabala amancinci abomvu okanye omfusa kakhulu ezinyaweni okanye emilenzeni

Iimpawu kamva zinokubandakanya:

• Ukwehla kwinqanaba lakho lokuqonda
• Iindawo ezinkulu zokopha phantsi kolusu
• Umothuko

Umboneleli wezempilo uyakukuvavanya akubuze malunga neempawu zakho.

Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kwenziwa ukukhusela ezinye izifo kunye nokunceda ukuqinisekisa i-meningococcemia. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi ngokwahluka
• Izifundo zokunqanda igazi

Olunye uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar ukufumana isampulu yolwelo lomqolo kumabala eGram kunye nenkcubeko
• Ulusu lwe-biopsy kunye nebala legram
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo

I-Meningococcemia ngxamiseko lwezonyango. Abantu abanolu suleleko bahlala bengeniswa kwigumbi lonyango esibhedlele, apho bajongwa khona. Banokubekwa bodwa ngokuphefumla kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala ukunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo kwabanye.

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anikezelwa ngomthambo kwangoko
• Inkxaso yokuphefumla
• Izinto zokuvala okanye ukutshintshwa kweplatelet, ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kokopha
• Ulwelo ngomthambo
• Amayeza anyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi
• Ukunyamekela amanxeba kwiindawo zesikhumba kunye negazi

Unyango lwakwangoko lukhokelela kwisiphumo esihle. Xa kukothuka, isiphumo asiqinisekanga ncam.

Le meko isongela ubomi kwabo bane:

• Ingxaki yokuphuma kwegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso
• Umothuko

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka zolu sulelo zezi:

• Isifo samathambo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (DIC)
• I-Gangrene ngenxa yokungabikho kwegazi
• Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi kulusu
• Ukudumba kwezihlunu zentliziyo
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yentliziyo
• Umothuko
• Umonakalo omkhulu kumadlala eadrenal anokukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwegazi (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba unempawu ze-meningococcemia. Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba ukhe wajikeleza umntu onesifo.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kumalungu osapho kunye nabanye oonxibelelwano abasondeleyo bahlala becetyiswa. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nale ndlela.

Isitofu sokugonya esigubungela ezinye, kodwa ayizizo zonke, iintlobo ze-meningococcus ziyacetyiswa kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-11 okanye eyi-12. Ukukhuthazwa kunikwa xa beneminyaka eyi-16. Kufuneka inikwe iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuya kwindawo yokulala. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neli gonyo.

Meningococcal septicemia; Ityhefu yegazi le-Meningococcal; I-Meningococcal bacteremia

Marquez L. Isifo seMeningococcal. Ku: UCherry JD, uHarrison GJ, uKaplan SL, uSteinbach WJ, uHotez PJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaFeigin kunye neCherry yezifo ezosulelayo zabantwana. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 88.

I-Stephens DS, i-Apicella MA. I-Neisseria meningitidis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 213.