Isifo seChagas

Isifo i-Chagas sisifo esibangelwa ziincukuthu ezincinci kwaye sisasazeka zizinambuzane. Esi sifo siqhelekile eMzantsi nakuMbindi Merika.

Isifo i-Chagas sibangelwa sisidleleli I-Trypanosoma cruzi. Isasazeka ngokulunywa ziincukuthu, okanye ukuzincama, kwaye yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu zempilo eMzantsi Melika. Ngenxa yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, esi sifo sichaphazela nabantu baseMelika.

Izinto ezinobungozi kwisifo seChagas zibandakanya:

• Ukuhlala kwindlwana apho iibugviid bugs zihlala ezindongeni
• Ukuhlala kuMbindi okanye eMzantsi Merika
• Intlupheko
• Ukwamkela igazi lomntu ophethe i-parasite, kodwa akanaso isifo se-Chagas

Isifo seChagas sinezigaba ezibini: ezigwenxa nezingapheliyo. Isigaba esibi sinokungabikho kwempawu okanye iimpawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu, kubandakanya:

• Ifiva
• Imvakalelo yokugula ngokubanzi
• Ukudumba kweliso ukuba ukuluma kusondele esweni
• Indawo ebomvu edumbileyo kwindawo yokulunywa zizinambuzane

Emva kwesigaba esibuhlungu, esi sifo siya kuxolelwa. Azikho ezinye iimpawu ezinokuvela iminyaka emininzi. Xa iimpawu ekugqibeleni zikhula, zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Iingxaki zokugaya
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Intlungu esiswini
• Ukubetha okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukuginya ubunzima

Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokuqinisekisa iimpawu. Iimpawu zesifo seChagas sinokubandakanya:

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Ukwandiswa kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen
• Kwandiswe iindawo nkovu
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo

Uvavanyo lubandakanya:

• Inkcubeko yegazi ukukhangela iimpawu zosulelo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Echocardiogram (isebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso yentliziyo)
• I-Electrocardiogram (i-ECG, ivavanya umsebenzi wombane entliziyweni)
• I-immunoassay enxulumene ne-enzyme (ELISA) ukujonga iimpawu zosulelo
• Igazi smear ukujonga iimpawu zosulelo

Isigaba esibi kunye nesifo seChagas esisebenzayo kufuneka siphathwe. Iintsana ezizalwe zinesifo kufuneka nazo ziphathwe.

Ukunyanga isigaba esingapheliyo kuyacetyiswa ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abaninzi. Abantu abadala abanesifo esinganyangekiyo sesifo seChagas kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wabo ukuba bathathe isigqibo sokuba ngaba luyafuneka na unyango.

Amayeza amabini asetyenziselwa ukunyanga esi sifo: i-benznidazole kunye ne-nifurtimox.

Omabini la machiza ahlala eneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba zibi ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Banokubandakanya:

• Intloko kunye nesiyezi
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokwehla kobunzima
• Umonakalo wemithambo
• Iingxaki zokulala
• Irhashalala

Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu abosulelekileyo abanganyangwa baya kuba nesifo seChagas esinganyangekiyo okanye esingumqondiso. Kungathatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ukusukela ngexesha losulelo lokuqala ukukhula iingxaki zentliziyo okanye zokwetyisa.

Isingqi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga sinokubangela ukufa ngesiquphe. Nje ukuba ukusilela kwentliziyo kukhule, ukufa kuhlala kwenzeka kwiminyaka eliqela.

Isifo seChagas sinokubangela ezi ngxaki:

• Ikholoni eyandisiweyo
• Umqala owandisiweyo kunye nobunzima bokuginya
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Ukungondleki

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba nesifo se-Chagas.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngamayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nezindlu ezinamathuba amancinci okuba nezinambuzane ezininzi ziya kunceda ukulawula ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Iibhanki zegazi kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika abanikeli besikrini ukuze babhencwe kwisifunxi-gazi. Igazi liyalahlwa ukuba umnikeli unesifunxi-gazi. Inkoliso yeebhanki zegazi eUnited States yaqalisa ukuhlola isifo sikaChagas ngowama-2007.

Usulelo lwe-Parasite - i-American trypanosomiasis

• Ukuphuza ibug
• Iintsholongwane

IBogitsh BJ, uCarter CE, u-Oeltmann TN. Amachaphaza egazi kunye neethishu I: hemoflagellates. Ku: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, ii-eds. IParasitology yoLuntu. Umhla we-5. ISan Diego, CA: I-Elsevier yezeMfundo; I-2019: isahluko 6.

IKirchhoff LV. Iintlobo ze-Trypanosoma (i-American trypanosomiasis, isifo sika-Chagas): ibhayoloji yee-trypanosomes. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 278.