Ithumba lomqolo

Ithumba lomqolo kukukhula kweeseli (ubunzima) ngaphakathi okanye ekujikelezeni intambo yomqolo.

Naluphi na uhlobo lwethumba olunokwenzeka emqolo, kubandakanya amathumba aphambili kunye nasesekondari.

Izidumba zaseprayimari: uninzi lwezi tumors zilungile kwaye lukhula kancinci.

• I-Astrocytoma: ithumba leseli ezixhasayo ngaphakathi kwithambo lomqolo
• I-Meningioma: isisu sesicubu esigubungela umnqonqo
• ISchwannoma: ithumba leseli elijikeleze iintsinga zemithambo-luvo
• I-Ependymoma: ithumba leseli elungelelanisa imingxunya yengqondo
• I-Lipoma: ithumba leeseli ezinamanqatha

Izidumba zesekondari okanye i-metastasis: ezi tumors ziiseli zomhlaza ezivela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

• Iprostate, imiphunga kunye nomhlaza webele
• Leukemia: Umhlaza wegazi oqala kwiiseli ezimhlophe kumongo wethambo
• I-Lymphoma: umhlaza wesikhumba se-lymph
• I-Myeloma: umhlaza wegazi oqala kwiiseli ze-plasma zomongo wethambo

Unobangela wezidumbu zokuqala zomqolo awaziwa. Ezinye izilonda zomgogodla eziphambili zenzeka kunye notshintsho oluthile kwimfuza.

Amathumba omqolo anokufumaneka:

• Ngaphakathi kwintambo yomqolo (intramedullary)
• Kwiimbumba (i-meninges) egubungela intambo yomqolo (extramedullary - intradural)
• Phakathi kweemenges kunye namathambo omqolo (ngaphandle)
• Kwithambo lomqolo

Njengoko ikhula, ithumba linokuchaphazela:

• Ivazi yegazi
• Amathambo omqolo
• Imilenze
• Iingcambu zemithambo-luvo
• Iiseli zentambo yomqolo

I-tumor inokucinezela kwintambo yomgogodla okanye kwiingcambu zentsholongwane, kubangele umonakalo. Ngexesha, umonakalo unokuba sisigxina.

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwindawo, uhlobo lwethumba, kunye nempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Izidumba zesekondari ezisasazeke emqolo zisuka kwenye indawo (imastastatic tumors) zihlala ziqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Izidumba zaseprayimari zihlala zihamba kancinci kwiiveki ukuya kwiminyaka.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga okanye ilahleko yovakalelo, ngakumbi kwimilenze
• Intlungu ebuyela emva iya isiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ihlala iphakathi okanye iphantsi, ihlala ibukhali kwaye ingapheliswa ngamayeza eentlungu, iba mbi ngakumbi xa ulele phantsi okanye uxinzelela (njengaxa ukhohlela okanye uthimla), kwaye inokwandiswa ukuya esinqeni okanye imilenze
• Ukuphulukana nolawulo lwamathumbu, ukuvuza kwesinyi
• Ukuqhawulwa kwemisipha, ukujija, okanye ii-spasms (fasciculations)
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha (ukunciphisa amandla emisipha) emilenzeni ebangela ukuwa, kwenza ukuhamba nzima, kwaye kunokuba nzima (ukuqhubela phambili) kwaye kukhokelela ekukhubazekeni

Inkqubo yeemvakalelo (yemithambo-luvo) inokunceda ukukhomba indawo eliqhuma kuyo. Umboneleli wezempilo unokufumana oku kulandelayo ngexesha loviwo:

• Ingqondo engaqhelekanga
• Ukwanda kwethoni yemisipha
• Ukuphulukana nentlungu kunye nokuziva ubushushu
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukuthantamisa emqolo

Olu vavanyo lunokuqinisekisa ithumba lomqolo:

• Umqolo CT
• Umqolo we-MRI
• Umqolo x-ray
• Uviwo lweCerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Myelogram

Injongo yonyango kukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo okubangelwa luxinzelelo (kuxinzelelo) lwentambo yomqolo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ungahamba.

Unyango kufuneka lunikezwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kweempawu, unyango olukhawulezileyo luyafuneka ukukhusela ukwenzakala okusisigxina. Nawuphi na umva omtsha okanye ongachazwanga wentlungu kwisigulana esinomhlaza kufuneka uphandwe kakuhle.

Unyango lubandakanya:

• ICorticosteroids (dexamethasone) inokunikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokudumba okujikeleze intambo yomqolo.
• Utyando olungxamisekileyo lunokufuneka ukukhulula uxinzelelo kumqolo womqolo. Amanye amathumba angasuswa ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, inxenye yethumba inokususwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwentambo yomqolo.
• Unyango ngemitha lungasetyenziswa kunye, okanye endaweni yoqhaqho.
• I-Chemotherapy ayiboniswanga ukuba iyasebenza ngokuchasene nezona tumors zisezantsi zomqolo, kodwa inokucetyiswa kwezinye iimeko, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwethumba.
• Unyango lomzimba lunokufuneka ukuphucula amandla emisipha kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo.

Isiphumo siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisisu. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango zihlala zikhokelela kwisiphumo esingcono.

Umonakalo wemithambo uhlala uqhubeka, nasemva kotyando. Nangona isixa esithile sokukhubazeka okusisigxina kunokwenzeka, unyango kwangoko lunokulibazisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu kunye nokufa.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba unembali yomhlaza kwaye uhlakulele iintlungu ezibuhlungu ezingasemva ngesiquphe okanye eziya zisiba mbi.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela i-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba uvelisa iimpawu ezintsha, okanye iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi ngexesha lokunyanga ithumba lomqolo.

Ithumba - intambo yomqolo

• Umqolo
• Ithumba lomqolo

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IJakubovic R, iRuschin M, iTseng CL, iPejovic-Milic A, iSahgal A, iYang VXD. Ukuphinda kwenziwe utyando ngocwangciso lonyango ngemitha yesisu. Utyando. Ngo-2019; 84 (6): 1242-1250. IINKCUKACHA: 29796646 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796646/.

UMoron FE, uDelumpa A, uSzklaruk J.Izilonda zomqolo. Ku: Haaga JR, Boll DT, ii-eds. I-CT kunye neMRI yaMzimba uphela. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 30.

UNiglas M, Tseng CL, Dea N, Chang E, Lo S, Sahgal A.Ukucinezelwa kwentambo yomqolo. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.