I-Encephalitis

I-Encephalitis kukucaphuka kunye nokudumba (ukudumba) kwengqondo, rhoqo ngenxa yosulelo.

I-Encephalitis yimeko enqabileyo. Kwenzeka rhoqo rhoqo kunyaka wokuqala wobomi kwaye kuncipha kubudala. Abantu abadala abancinci kakhulu nabadala banokufumana imeko enzima.

I-Encephalitis ihlala ibangelwa yintsholongwane. Zininzi iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela.Ukubonakaliswa kunokwenzeka nge:

• Ukuphefumla ngamathontsi asuka empumlweni, emlonyeni, nasemqaleni kumntu osulelekileyo
• Ukutya okanye isiselo esingcolileyo
• Iingcongconi, amakhalane kunye nezinye izinambuzane
• Ukuqhagamshelana nolusu

Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lweziganeko zenzeka ngexesha elithile lonyaka.

I-Encephalitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-herpes simplex ngoyena nobangela wamatyala anzima kuyo yonke iminyaka, kubandakanya neentsana.

Ukugonywa rhoqo kunciphise i-encephalitis ngenxa yeentsholongwane, kubandakanya:

• Imasisi
• Uqhekeko
• Ipoliyo
• Umgada
• URubella
• I-Varicella (inkukhu yenkukhu)

Ezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela i-encephalitis zibandakanya:

• Adenovirus
• Coxsackievirus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Intsholongwane ye-Equine encephalitis virus
• I-Echovirus
• I-encephalitis yaseJapan, eyenzeka eAsia
• Intsholongwane yeNayile

Emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni, izicwili zobuchopho ziyadumba. Oku kudumba kunokonakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo, kwaye kubangele ukopha kwingqondo nakwimeko yengqondo.

Ezinye izizathu ze-encephalitis zingabandakanya:

• Impendulo ebangelwa kukugonywa
• Izifo ezizimeleyo
• Intsholongwane enjengesifo seLyme, igcushuwa, kunye nesifo sephepha
• Izidleleleli ezinje ngeentshulube, iryticercosis, kunye ne-toxoplasmosis kubantu abane-HIV / AIDS kunye nabanye abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• Iziphumo zomhlaza

Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu zentsholongwane ebandayo okanye isisu ngaphambi kokuba kuqalise iimpawu ze-encephalitis.

Xa olu suleleko lungekho qatha, iimpawu zisenokufana nezinye izifo:

• Umkhuhlane awuphezulu kakhulu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Amandla aphantsi kunye nokutya okungalunganga

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Ukuqaqadeka, ukungazinzi
• Ukudideka, ukudideka
• Ukozela
• Ukucaphuka okanye ukulawula umsindo
• Ukuziva ukukhanya
• Intamo elukhuni kunye nomqolo (ngamanye amaxesha)
• Ukuhlanza

Iimpawu kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa kunye neentsana ezincinci kunokuba kungabi lula ukuzibona:

• Ukuqina komzimba
• Ukucaphuka nokulila rhoqo (ezi mpawu zinokuba mandundu xa umntwana ethathwa)
• Ukutya okungalunganga
• Indawo ethambileyo ngaphezulu kwentloko inokukhupha ngakumbi
• Ukuhlanza

Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo:

• Ukuphulukana nokuqonda, ukuphendula gwenxa, ukungalali kakuhle, isiqaqa
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka
• Ukuxhuzula
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimisebenzi yengqondo, enje ngemo ethe tyaba, ukungakwazi ukugweba, ukulahleka kwememori, okanye ukungabinomdla kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• I-Brain MRI
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT
• I-single-photon emission ikhompyuter ye-tomography (SPECT)
• Inkcubeko ye-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), igazi, okanye umchamo (nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo alufane lube luncedo)
• I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG)
• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar kunye noviwo lwe-CSF
• Uvavanyo oluchonga ii-antibodies kwintsholongwane (iimvavanyo zeseleology)
• Uvavanyo olufumanisa inani elincinci lentsholongwane ye-DNA (i-polymerase reaction reaction - PCR)

Iinjongo zonyango kukunika ukhathalelo oluxhasayo (ukuphumla, isondlo, ulwelo) ukunceda umzimba ukuba ulwe nosulelo, kunye nokuphelisa iimpawu.

Amayeza anokubandakanya:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ukuba ngaba intsholongwane ibangele usulelo
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ukuba ngaba ibhaktiriya ngunobangela
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunqanda ukuxhuzula
• Ii-Steroids ukunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo
• Izilungiso zokucaphuka okanye ukungazinzi
• I-Acetaminophen yomkhuhlane kunye nentloko

Ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lokuthetha lunokufuneka emva kolawulo losulelo.

Iziphumo ziyahluka. Amanye amatyala anobulali kwaye amafutshane, kwaye umntu uyachacha ngokupheleleyo. Amanye amatyala anzima, kwaye iingxaki ezisisigxina okanye ukufa kunokwenzeka.

Isigaba esibuhlungu sihlala sihlala iiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. Umkhuhlane kunye neempawu ziyaphela kancinci okanye ngesiquphe. Abanye abantu banokuthatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba bachache ngokupheleleyo.

Ukonakala okungapheliyo kwengqondo kunokwenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima ze-encephalitis. Inokuchaphazela:

• Ukuva
• Imemori
• Ulawulo lwemisipha
• Ukuziva
• Intetho
• Umbono

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba unayo:

• Umkhuhlane ngequbuliso
• Ezinye iimpawu ze-encephalitis

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka bakuphephe ukunxibelelana naye nabani na one-encephalitis.

Ukulawula iingcongconi (ukulunywa yingcongconi kunokudlulisa ezinye iintsholongwane) kunokunciphisa amathuba osulelo olunokukhokelela kwi-encephalitis.

• Faka isicelo sokugxotha isinambuzane esineekhemikhali, i-DEET xa uphuma phandle (kodwa SUKUZisebenzisi iimveliso ze-DEET kwiintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbini).
• Susa nayiphi na imithombo yamanzi amileyo (njengamavili amadala, iitoti, iigatha kunye namachibi okuhamba).
• Nxiba iihempe ezinemikhono emide neebhulukhwe xa ungaphandle, ngakumbi xa kuhlwile.

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka bafumane ugonyo oluqhelekileyo lweentsholongwane ezinokubangela i-encephalitis. Abantu kufuneka bafumane izitofu zokugonya ezithile ukuba baya kwiindawo ezifana neendawo zaseAsia, apho kufunyanwa i-encephalitis yaseJapan.

Tofa izilwanyana ukuze uthintele i-encephalitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane yomgada.

• I-Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - ukukhutshwa

IBloch KC, iGlaser CA, iTunkel AR. Encephalitis kunye ne-myelitis. Ku: Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM, ii-eds. Izifo ezosulelayo. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 20.

UBronstein DE, uGlaser CA. I-Encephalitis kunye ne-meningoencephalitis. Ku: UCherry JD, uHarrison GJ, uKaplan SL, uSteinbach WJ, uHotez PJ, ii-eds. Incwadi kaFeigin kunye neCherry yezifo ezosulelayo zabantwana. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 36.

I-Lissauer T, uCarroll W. Usulelo kunye nokuzikhusela. Ku: Lissauer T, Carroll W, ii-eds. Incwadi ebhaliweyo yemifanekiso yePediatrics. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 15.