Ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathela okusebenzayo ebusaneni okanye ebusaneni

Ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathela okusebenzayo yingxaki apho umntwana engakwaziyo ukwenza ngokulula ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo okanye obunothando nabanye. Kuqwalaselwa njengesiphumo sokungenzi uncamathiselo kuye nakuphi na umnonopheli xa esemncinci kakhulu.

Ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathisela okusebenzayo kubangelwa kukuphathwa gadalala okanye ukungahoywa kwezidingo zomntwana zoku:

• Izibophelelo zeemvakalelo kunye nomgcini wokuqala okanye wesibini
• Ukutya
• Ukhuseleko lomzimba
• Ukuchukumisa

Usana okanye umntwana usenokungahoywa xa:

• Umkhathaleli ukhubazekile ngokwasengqondweni
• Umkhathaleli akanazakhono zobuzali
• Abazali bahlala bodwa
• Abazali bakwishumi elivisayo

Utshintsho olwenzeka rhoqo kubanonopheli (umzekelo, kumakhaya eenkedama okanye ekunyamekeleni abanye abantwana) sesinye isizathu sokuphazamiseka kokuncamathela.

Emntwaneni, iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphepha umkhathaleli
• Ukuphepha ukudibana
• Kunzima ukuthuthuzelwa
• Ayenzi mahluko xa unxulumana nabantu ongabaziyo
• Ukufuna ukuba wedwa kunokunxibelelana nabanye

Umongi uya kuhlala eyihoya eyomntwana:

• Iimfuno zentuthuzelo, ukukhuthazeka kunye nothando
• Iimfuno njengokutya, ukuya ngasese kunye nokudlala

Esi sifo sifunyaniswa sine:

• Imbali epheleleyo
• Uvavanyo lomzimba
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo

Unyango lunamalungu amabini. Injongo yokuqala kukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ukwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho iimfuno zeemvakalelo nezomzimba zifezekiswa.

Nje ukuba oko kusekwe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukutshintsha ubudlelwane phakathi komkhathaleli nomntwana, ukuba umnakekeli yingxaki. Iiklasi zokuba ngumzali zinokunceda umntu okhathalelayo ahlangabezane neemfuno zomntwana kunye nolwalamano kunye nomntwana.

Ukucetyiswa kunokunceda umntu okhathalelayo asebenze kwiingxaki, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ubundlobongela bosapho. IiNkonzo zeNtlalo kufuneka zilandele usapho ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana uhlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo.

Ungenelelo olufanelekileyo lunokuphucula iziphumo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokuchaphazela ngokusisigxina amandla omntwana okunxibelelana nabanye. Inokudibana ne:

• Ixhala
• Uxinzelelo
• Ezinye iingxaki zengqondo
• Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo

Esi sifo sihlala sichongwa xa umzali (okanye lowo uza kuba ngumzali) esemngciphekweni omkhulu wokungahoywa okanye xa umzali owamkelayo enobunzima bokuhlangabezana nomntwana osandula ukwamkelwa.

Ukuba usandula ukwamkela umntwana kwikhaya leenkedama langaphandle okanye kwenye imeko apho ukungahoywa kungenzeka khona kwaye umntwana wakho ebonisa ezi mpawu, jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwangethuba kubaluleke kakhulu emntwaneni. Abazali abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokungahoywa kufuneka bafundiswe izakhono zobuzali. Usapho kufuneka lulandelwe ngunontlalontle okanye ugqirha ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zomntwana ziyafezekiswa.

Umbutho weAmerican Psychiatric Association iwebhusayithi. Ukuphazamiseka kokuncamathisela okusebenzayo. Ku: Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika, u-ed. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika; Ngo-2013: 265-268.

IMilosavljevic N, Taylor JB, uBrendel RW. Ukudibana kwengqondo kunye neziphumo zokuphathwa gadalala kunye nokungahoywa. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahl. 84.

UZeanah CH, uChesher T, uBoris NW; I-American Academy yabantwana kunye neKomiti yezeMpilo yoLutsha yaBafikisayo (AACAP) kwiMicimbi yoMgangatho (CQI). Ziqhelise ipharamitha yovavanyo kunye nonyango lwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abanengxaki yokuncamathisela okusebenzayo kunye nokungathinteki kokuzibandakanya ekuhlaleni. J Ndiyi-Acad Adolesc Psychiatry. Ngo-2016; 55 (11): 990-1003. IINKCUKACHA: 27806867 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27806867/.