Intsholongwane yokuphefumla intsholongwane (RSV)

I-virus yokuphefumla i-syncytial virus (RSV) yintsholongwane exhaphake kakhulu ekhokelela kwiimpawu ezinobushushu, ezibandayo kubantu abadala nakubantwana abadala abasempilweni. Kungaba kubi ngakumbi kwiintsana ezincinci, ngakumbi ezo zikumaqela athile asengozini enkulu.

I-RSV yeyona ntsholongwane ixhaphakileyo ebangela ukosuleleka kwemiphunga kunye nokuhamba komoya kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci. Uninzi lweentsana luye lwasulelwa sesi sifo ngeminyaka esi-2. Ukuqhambuka kosulelo lwe-RSV kudla ngokuqala ekwindla kuye kwintwasahlobo.

Usulelo lunokwenzeka kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Intsholongwane isasazeka ngamathontsi amancinci aya emoyeni xa umntu ogulayo evuthela impumlo, ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

Ungayibamba i-RSV ukuba:

• Umntu one-RSV ethimla, akhohlele okanye avuthele impumlo ecaleni kwakho.
• Uchukumisa, uphuze okanye uxhawule umntu osulelwe yile ntsholongwane.
• Uchukumisa impumlo, amehlo, okanye umlomo emva kokuba uchukumise into engcoliswe yintsholongwane, enje ngento yokudlala okanye idolo lomnyango.

I-RSV ihlala isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kumakhaya axineneyo nakumaziko okugcina abantwana. Intsholongwane inokuphila kangangesiqingatha seyure okanye nangaphezulu ezandleni. Intsholongwane inokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezintlanu kwiitheyibhile kunye neeyure ezininzi kwizicwili ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Oku kulandelayo kwandisa umngcipheko we-RSV:

• Ukuya kukhathalelo lwemini
• Ukuba kufutshane nomsi wecuba
• Ukuba nabazalwana okanye oodade abakwisikolo
• Ukuhlala kwindawo ezixineneyo

Iimpawu zinokwahluka kwaye zahluke kubudala:

• Zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8 emva kokudibana nentsholongwane.
• Abantwana abadala kakhulu bahlala benobulali, iimpawu ezinje ngengqele, njengokukhohlela okukhonkothayo, impumlo exineneyo, okanye umkhuhlane osezantsi.

Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1 zinokuba neempawu ezinzima kwaye zihlala zinengxaki yokuphefumla:

• Umbala wesikhumba esimnyama ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini (cyanosis) kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima okanye ukuphefumla nzima
• Ukuqhuma kwempumlo
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (tachypnea)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Isandi sokubetha umlozi

Izibhedlele ezininzi kunye neeklinikhi zinokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza i-RSV zisebenzisa isampulu yolwelo oluthathwe empumlweni nge-swab yomqhaphu.

I-antibiotics kunye ne-bronchodilators ayisetyenziswanga ukunyanga i-RSV.

Usulelo oluncinci luphela ngaphandle konyango.

Iintsana kunye nabantwana abanosulelo olubi lwe-RSV banokungeniswa esibhedlele. Unyango luya kubandakanya:

• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo
• Ukufuma (humidified) umoya
• Ukufunxwa kwencindi yamarhanana
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)

Umatshini wokuphefumla (isixhobo sokuphefumla) unokufuneka.

Isifo esibi kakhulu se-RSV sinokubakho kwezi ntsana zilandelayo:

• Iintsana ngaphambi kwexesha
• Iintsana ezinesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga
• Iintsana amajoni omzimba angasebenzi kakuhle
• Iintsana ezineentlobo ezithile zesifo sentliziyo

Rhoqo, usulelo lwe-RSV lunokubangela ukufa kwiintsana. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakulindeleka ukuba umntwana abonwe ngumboneleli wezempilo kwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo.

Abantwana abane-RSV bronchiolitis banokubakho ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni i-asthma.

Kubantwana abancinci, i-RSV inokubangela:

• IBronchiolitis
• Ukungaphumeleli kwemiphunga
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo:

• Kunzima ukuphefumla
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Umbala wesikhumba esimnyama

Naziphi na iingxaki zokuphefumla kwimveku zibaxakeka. Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko.

Ukunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwe-RSV, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuchukumisa usana lwakho. Qinisekisa ukuba abanye abantu, ngakumbi abanonopheli, bathatha amanyathelo okuphepha ukunika i-RSV umntwana wakho.

La manyathelo alandelayo alula anokunceda ukukhusela umntwana wakho ekuguleni:

• Nyanzelisa ukuba abanye bahlambe izandla zabo ngamanzi afudumeleyo kunye nesepha ngaphambi kokuchukumisa usana lwakho.
• Ngaba abanye bayakuphepha ukunxibelelana nosana ukuba banokubanda okanye umkhuhlane. Ukuba kunyanzelekile, banxibe imaski.
• Qaphela ukuba ukumanga umntwana kungasasaza usulelo lwe-RSV.
• Zama ukugcina abantwana abancinci kude nosana lwakho. I-RSV ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci kwaye isasazeka ngokulula ukusuka emntwaneni iye emntwaneni.
• Musa ukutshaya ngaphakathi endlwini, emotweni, okanye naphi na kufutshane nosana lwakho. Ukuvezwa komsi wecuba kwandisa umngcipheko wokugula kweRSV.

Abazali beentsana ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu kufuneka baphephe izihlwele ngexesha lokuqhambuka kweRSV. Ukuqhambuka komndilili ukuya kokukhulu kuhlala kuchazwa yimithombo yeendaba zasekuhlaleni ukunika abazali ithuba lokuphepha ukubonakaliswa.

Iyeza i-Synagis (palivizumab) yamkelwe ukuthintela isifo se-RSV kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezingama-24 abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo esibi se-RSV. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba umntwana wakho ufanele ukufumana eli yeza.

I-RSV; Palivizumab; Intsholongwane yokuphefumla intsholongwane ye-immune globulin; Bronchiolitis - RSV; I-URI-RSV; Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumla - i-RSV; IBronchiolitis - RSV

• Bronchiolitis - ukubhobhoza

• IBronchiolitis

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USmith DK, uSeales S, uBudzik C. Ukuphefumla kwintsholongwane yentsholongwane yebronchiolitis ebantwaneni. NdinguGqirha weNdawo. Ngo-2017; 95 (2): 94-99. IINKCUKACHA: 28084708 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084708/.

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