Iqhwiqhwi

I-chickenpox yintsholongwane yentsholongwane apho umntu ahlakulela i-blister e-itchy kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba. Kwakuxhaphake kakhulu ngaphambili. Ukugula kunqabile namhlanje ngenxa yokugonya kwenkukhu.

I-chickenpox ibangelwa yi-varicella-zoster virus. Lilungu losapho lwe-herpesvirus. Le ntsholongwane inye ikwabangela ukuba abantu abadala babe neentsimbi.

I-chickenpox inokusasazeka ngokulula kwabanye ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba i-blisters ivele kude kube yinto yonke. Unokufumana irhashalala:

• Ukusuka ekuchukumiseni ulwelo oluvela kwibhanti yenkukhu
• Ukuba umntu onesifo uyakhohlela okanye athimle kufutshane nawe

Uninzi lweziganeko zentsholongwane yenkukhu yenzeka kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10. Esi sifo sihlala sinobulali, nangona kusenokwenzeka iingxaki ezinzulu. Abantu abadala nabantwana abadala bayagula kunabantwana abancinci kwiimeko ezininzi.

Abantwana abanomama abanenkukhu yenkukhu okanye abafumene isitofu sokugonya se-chickenpox abanako ukuwubamba ngaphambi kokuba banonyaka omnye. Ukuba bayayibamba irhashalala, bahlala benamacala amnene. Kungenxa yokuba izilwa-buhlungu ezivela kwigazi loomama ziyanceda ekubakhuseleni. Abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala oomama babo abangakhange babe nayo irhashalala okanye isitofu sokugonya banokufumana irhashalala.

Iimpawu ezinzima zenkukhu zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abanamajoni omzimba angasebenzi kakuhle.

Uninzi lwabantwana abanenkukhu yenkukhu baneempawu ezilandelayo ngaphambi kokugqithisa.

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Isisu esibuhlungu

Ukugqithisa kwenkukhu kwenzeka malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-21 emva kokudibana nomntu onesifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana uya kukhula i-250 ukuya kwi-500 encinci, iirhawuzelela, izele ngamadyungudyungu ngaphezulu kwamabala abomvu kulusu.

• Amadyungudyungu aqala ukubonwa ebusweni, embindini womzimba, okanye entlonzeni.
• Emva kosuku okanye ezimbini, i-blister iba ngamafu emva koko ukhwekhwe. Okwangoku, iifomati ezintsha zenzeka ngokwamaqela. Zivame ukuvela emlonyeni, kwilungu lobufazi, kunye neenkophe.
• Abantwana abaneengxaki zolusu, ezinjenge-eczema, banokufumana amawaka amablister.

Uninzi lwerhashalala aluyi kushiya amanxeba ngaphandle kokuba bosulelwe ziintsholongwane.

Abanye abantwana abanesitofu sokugonya baya kuqhubeka ukuphuhlisa imeko encinci yenkukhu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, bachacha ngokukhawuleza kwaye baneepeksi ezimbalwa (ezingaphantsi kwama-30). Ezi meko zihlala kunzima ukuzifumanisa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantwana banokusasaza inkukhu yenkukhu kwabanye.

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo uhlala exhaphaza irhashalala ngokujonga irhashalala kwaye abuze imibuzo malunga nembali yonyango lomntu. Amadyungudyungu amancinci esikhumbeni aqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwiimeko ezininzi.

Uvavanyo lweLebhu lunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukuba kuyafuneka.

Unyango lubandakanya ukugcina umntu ekhululekile kangangoko. Nazi izinto zokuzama:

• Kunqande ukukrwela okanye ukukhuhla iindawo ezirhawuzelelayo. Gcina iinzipho zifutshane ukunqanda ukonakala kolusu.
• Nxiba iingubo zokulala ezipholileyo, ezikhanyayo nezikhululekileyo. Kuphephe ukunxiba iimpahla ezirhabaxa, ngakumbi uboya, kwindawo erhawuzelayo.
• Thatha iibhafu ezifudumeleyo usebenzisa isepha encinci kwaye uhlambe kakuhle. Zama i-oatmeal yesikhumba okanye isitya sokuhlamba ibona.
• Faka into yokuthambisa emva kokuhlamba ukuthambisa nokupholisa ulusu.
• Gwema ukutyhila ixesha elide kubushushu obuninzi kunye nokufuma.
• Zama i-antihistamines yomlomo njenge-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl), kodwa ulumkele iziphumo ezinokubakho, ezinje ukozela.
• Zama ngaphezulu kwe-counter-counter-hydrocortisone ukhilimu kwiindawo ezinqabileyo.

Amayeza alwa nentsholongwane yenkukhu ekukhoyo ayafumaneka, kodwa akanikwa wonke umntu. Ukuze usebenze kakuhle, iyeza kufuneka liqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala zokukhawuleza.

• Amachiza okulwa intsholongwane aqhele ukumiselwa kwabanye abantwana abasempilweni abangenazo iimpawu ezibi. Abantu abadala kunye nolutsha, abasemngciphekweni wokuba neempawu ezibi kakhulu, banokuzuza kumayeza antiviral ukuba anikwa kwangethuba.
• Iyeza le-Antiviral libaluleke kakhulu kwabo baneemeko zolusu (ezifana ne-eczema okanye ukutshiswa lilanga kutshanje), iimeko zemiphunga (njenge-asthma), okanye abasandula ukuthatha ii-steroids.
• Abanye ababoneleli bakwanika amayeza okulwa intsholongwane kubantu abakwikhaya elinye nabo abaphuhlisa irhashalala, kuba baya kuhlala benempawu ezinzima.

UNGANIKI i-aspirin okanye ibuprofen kumntu onokuba ne-chickenpox. Ukusetyenziswa kweasprini kunxulunyaniswe nemeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yiReye syndrome. I-Ibuprofen inxulunyaniswa nosulelo lwesibini oluqatha. I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) inokusetyenziswa.

Umntwana onenkukhu yenkukhu akufuneki abuyele esikolweni okanye adlale nabanye abantwana de zonke izilonda zerhashalala ziye zome okanye zomile. Abantu abadala kufuneka balandele lo mthetho mnye ngelixa bethathela ingqalelo ukubuyela emsebenzini okanye ukuba kufutshane nabanye.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu uyachacha ngaphandle kwengxaki.

Emva kokuba unenkukhu yenkukhu, intsholongwane ihlala ilele okanye ilele emzimbeni wakho ubomi bakho bonke. Malunga ne-1 kwabali-10 abadala baya kuba ne-shingles xa intsholongwane iphinda ivele ngexesha loxinzelelo.

Rhoqo, usulelo lwengqondo lwenzekile. Ezinye iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Isifo seReye
• Usulelo lwesifo sentliziyo
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Intlungu edibeneyo okanye ukudumba

I-ataxia yeCerebellar inokuvela ngexesha lesigaba sokubuyisela okanye kamva. Oku kubandakanya ukuhamba okungazinzanga kakhulu.

Abasetyhini abafumana irhashalala ngexesha lokukhulelwa banokudlulisa usulelo kusana olusakhulayo. Iintsana zisengozini yosulelo olukhulu.

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unenkukhu okanye ukuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka engaphezu kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala kwaye akagonywanga inkukhu.

Ngenxa yokuba i-chickenpox ihamba ngomoya kwaye isasazeka ngokulula nangaphambi kokuba kubonakale ukuvela, kunzima ukuyiphepha.

Isitofu sokuthintela irhashalala yinxalenye yeshedyuli yesiqhelo yokugonya komntwana.

Isitofu sokugonya sihlala sithintela isifo sePhakathi okanye senze ukuba ukugula kube mnene.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki kwaye usenokuvezwa. Ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela kwangoko kunokuba kubalulekile. Ukunika isitofu sokugonya kwangethuba emva kokuba sesichengeni kunokuhlahlisa ubuzaza besifo.

Varicella; Iqhwiqhwi

• Iinkukhu - isilonda emlenzeni
• Iqhwiqhwi
• Iinkukhu - izilonda esifubeni
• Iinkukhu, inyumoniya ebukhali - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-chickenpox -ukusondela

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Isiteyitimenti solwazi ngesitofu. Ugonyo lwe-Varicella (chickenpox). www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/varicella.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Agasti 15, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoSeptemba 5, 2019.

ILaRussa PS, uMarin M, uGershon AA. Intsholongwane ye-Varicella-zoster. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 280.

URobinson CL, uBernstein H, uRomero JR, uSzilagyi P; IKomiti yeNgcebiso ngeZenzo zoGonyo (i-ACIP) yeQela loMsebenzi waBantwana / labaFikisayo. IKomiti yeeNgcebiso kwiinkqubo zokuGonywa icebisa ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphantsi-eUnited States, 2019. MMWR Mntundini wokufa Wkly Rep. Ngo-2019; 68 (5): 112-114. IINKCUKACHA: 30730870 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30730870.

Eli nqaku lisebenzisa ulwazi ngemvume ka-Alan Greene, MD, © Greene Ink, Inc.