Usana lukamama onesifo seswekile

Usana olungekazalwa (usana) lukamama onesifo seswekile lunokuvezwa kukunyuka kweswekile yegazi (iswekile), kunye namanqanaba aphezulu ezinye izakhamzimba, ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa.

Zimbini iindlela zesifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa:

• Isifo seswekile somzimba - iswekile ephezulu yegazi (isifo seswekile) eqala okanye efunyanwa okokuqala ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Isifo seswekile esele ikhona okanye esele ikho - esele sineswekile ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe

Ukuba isifo seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana uchanabeke kumazinga aphezulu eswekile yegazi. Oku kunokuchaphazela umntwana nonina ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokuzalwa, nasemva kokuzalwa.

Iintsana zoomama abanesifo seswekile (i-IDM) zihlala zikhulu kunezinye iintsana, ngakumbi ukuba isifo seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle. Oku kunokwenza ukuba ubufazi bube nzima kwaye kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokulimala kwentliziyo kunye nolunye uxinzelelo ngexesha lokuzalwa. Kwakhona, ukuzalwa kwe-cearean kunokwenzeka.

I-IDM inakho ukubanamaxesha eswekile esezantsi yegazi (i-hypoglycemia) kungekudala emva kokuzalwa, kwaye ngeentsuku zokuqala zobomi. Kungenxa yokuba umntwana sele efumene iswekile engaphezulu kunaleyo ifunwa ngunina. Banenqanaba eliphezulu le-insulin kunokuba belifuneka emva kokuzalwa. I-insulin inciphisa iswekile yegazi. Kungathabatha iintsuku ukuba amanqanaba einsulini abantwana ahlengahlengiswe emva kokuzalwa.

Ii-IDMs kunokwenzeka ukuba zibe:

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima ngenxa yemiphunga engaphantsi
• Inani elibomvu leeseli ezibomvu (i-polycythemia)
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-bilirubin (i-jaundice esanda kuzalwa)
• Ukutyeba kwentliziyo yemisipha phakathi kwamagumbi amakhulu (ii-ventricles)

Ukuba isifo seswekile asilawulwa kakuhle, amathuba okuphuma kwesisu okanye umntwana oswelekileyo aphezulu.

I-IDM inomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa ukuba umama unesifo seswekile esele singalawulwa kakuhle kwasekuqaleni.

Usana ludla ngokuba lukhulu kunesiqhelo kwiintsana ezizalwe emva kwexesha elifanayo kwisibeleko sikamama (sikhulu kwiminyaka yobudoda). Ngamanye amaxesha, umntwana usenokuba mncinci (mncinci kubudala bokukhulelwa).

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umbala wolusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (imiqondiso yemiphunga engafakwanga okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo)
• Ukuswela kakubi, ukudinwa, ukukhala okubuthathaka
• Ukuxhuzula (uphawu lweswekile esezantsi yegazi)
• Ukutya okungalunganga
• Ubuso obukhukhumeleyo
• Ukungcangcazela okanye ukushukuma kungekudala emva kokuzalwa
• IJaundice (umbala wesikhumba omthubi)

Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe:

• I-Ultrasound yenziwa kunina kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokugqibela zokukhulelwa ukubeka esweni ubungakanani bosana olunxulumene nokuvulwa komjelo wokuzalwa.
• Uvavanyo lokuvuthwa kwemiphunga lunokwenziwa kwi-amniotic fluid. Oku kunqabile ukuba kwenziwe kodwa kunokuba luncedo ukuba umhla omiselweyo awuchazwanga kwangethuba ekukhulelweni.

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe:

• Iswekile yegazi yosana iya kujongwa kwiyure yokuqala okanye ezimbini emva kokuzalwa, iphinde iphinde ihlolwe rhoqo de ibe yinto eqhelekileyo. Oku kungathatha usuku okanye ezimbini, okanye nangaphezulu.
• Usana luya kujongwa ngeempawu zengxaki ngentliziyo okanye ngemiphunga.
• I-bilirubin yomntwana iya kujongwa ngaphambi kokuba ibuyele ekhaya isuka esibhedlele, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho iimpawu ze-jaundice.
• I-echocardiogram inokwenziwa ukujonga ubungakanani bentliziyo yomntwana.

Bonke abantwana abazelwe ngoomama abanesifo seswekile kufuneka bavavanyelwe iswekile esezantsi yegazi, nokuba abanazimpawu.

Kwenziwa iinzame zokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana une-glucose eyaneleyo egazini:

• Ukondla ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa kunokuthintela iswekile esezantsi yegazi kwiimeko ezinobulali. Nokuba icebo kukuncancisa, umntwana unokufuna ifomula ethile kwiiyure zokuqala ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-24 ukuba iswekile esegazini iphantsi.
• Izibhedlele ezininzi ngoku zinika ijeli ye-dextrose (iswekile) ngaphakathi esidleleni sosana endaweni yokunika ubisi olungumgubo xa lungekho ubisi lukamama olwaneleyo.
• Iswekile esezantsi yegazi engaphuculiyo kwindlela yokondla inyangwa ngolwelo oluneswekile (iswekile) kunye namanzi anikezwe ngomthambo (IV).
• Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuba umntwana ufuna izixa ezikhulu zeswekile, ulwelo oluneswekile kufuneka lunikezwe nge-umbilical (iqhosha lesisu) umthambo iintsuku ezininzi.

Rhoqo, usana lusenokufuna inkxaso yokuphefumla okanye amayeza ukunyanga ezinye iziphumo zeswekile. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-bilirubin aphathwa ngonyango olukhanyayo (i-phototherapy).

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zosana zihamba zingaphelanga iiyure, iintsuku, okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, intliziyo eyandisiweyo inokuthatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba ibengcono.

Kunqabile kakhulu, iswekile yegazi inokuba sezantsi kakhulu ukuba ibangele ukonakala kwengqondo.

Umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwakhona ungaphezulu kwabasetyhini abanesifo seswekile esingalawulwayo kakuhle. Kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wenani leziphene zokuzalwa okanye iingxaki:

• Iziphene zentliziyo ozalwe nayo.
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia).
• Imiphunga engafakwanga.
• Neonatal polycythemia (iiseli ezibomvu ezingaphezulu kunesiqhelo). Oku kunokubangela ukuvaleka kwimithambo yegazi okanye kwi-hyperbilirubinemia.
• Isifo esincinci sasekhohlo. Oku kubangela iimpawu zokuvaleka kwamathumbu emathunjini.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ufumana ukhathalelo rhoqo ngaphambi kokubeleka, ukuvavanywa kwesiqhelo kuya kubonisa ukuba uyaphuhlisa isifo seswekile.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unesifo seswekile esingaphantsi kolawulo, tsalela umnikezeli wakho kwangoko.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye awufumani ukhathalelo lwaphambi kokubeleka, tsalela umnikezeli ixesha lokuqeshwa.

Abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile bafuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuthintela iingxaki. Ukulawula iswekile yegazi kunokuthintela iingxaki ezininzi.

Ukujonga ngononophelo usana kwiiyure zokuqala nakwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kunokuthintela iingxaki zempilo ngenxa yeswekile esezantsi yegazi.

I-IDM; Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa - iMicrosoft; Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka-umama weswekile

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