Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa ii-x-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu, amasuntswana, okanye iimbewu ezinemitha yokusasaza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.

Iiseli zomhlaza zanda ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuba i-radiation iyingozi kakhulu kwiiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, unyango lwemitha lonakalisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphezu kweeseli eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ekubeni zikhule kwaye zahlule, kwaye zikhokelele ekufeni kweseli.

Unyango ngemitha lusetyenziselwa ukulwa iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-radiation kuphela kwonyango olufunekayo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nezinye iindlela zonyango ezifana nokuhlinzwa okanye i-chemotherapy ukuya:

• Nciphisa ithumba kangangoko phambi kotyando
• Nceda ukuthintela umhlaza ekubuyeni emva kotyando okanye ichemotherapy
• Nciphisa iimpawu ezibangelwa yithumba, njengentlungu, uxinzelelo, okanye ukopha
• Phatha umhlaza ongenakususwa ngotyando
• Nyanga imihlaza endaweni yokusebenzisa utyando

IINTLOBO ZOKUSETYENZISWA KOMNYANGO

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-radiation zibandakanya zangaphandle, zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphakathi.

UNYANGO LWANGAPHANDLE LOKUSEBENZA

Imitha yelanga yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Le ndlela ngononophelo ijolise kwi-x-reyi enamandla okanye amasuntswana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tumor evela ngaphandle komzimba. Iindlela ezintsha zibonelela ngonyango olusebenzayo olunomonakalo omncinci wethishu. Oku kubandakanya:

• Ukunyanga okunyanzelekileyo kwe-radiotherapy (IMRT)
• I-radiotherapy ekhokelwa ngumfanekiso (IGRT)
• Stereotactic radiotherapy (iiradiosurgery)

Unyango lweProton lolunye uhlobo lwemitha esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza. Endaweni yokusebenzisa ii-x-reyi ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, unyango lweproton lusebenzisa umqadi wamasuntswana akhethekileyo abizwa ngokuba ziiproton. Ngenxa yokuba ibangela umonakalo omncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni, unyango lweproton luhlala lusetyenziselwa umhlaza osondele kakhulu kumalungu abalulekileyo omzimba. Isetyenziswa kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.

UNYANGO LWANGAPHAKATHI

Imitha yelanga yangaphakathi ibekwe ngaphakathi komzimba wakho.

• Enye indlela isebenzisa imbewu ene-radioactive ebekwe ngqo okanye kufutshane nethumba. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza webele. Isetyenziswa ngokufuthi ukunyanga ibele, umlomo wesibeleko, imiphunga kunye neminye imihlaza.
• Enye indlela ibandakanya ukufumana imitha ngokusela, ngokuginya ipilisi, okanye nge-IV. Imitha yolwelo ihamba ngomzimba wakho wonke, ifuna kwaye ibulale iiseli zomhlaza. Umhlaza wedlala lengqula unokunyangwa ngale ndlela.

UNYANGO LOKWENZA IMISEBENZI YOKUSEBENZA (IORT)

Olu hlobo lwemitha luhlala lusetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando ukususa ithumba. Kanye emva kokuba lisuswe eli thumba naphambi kokuba ugqirha avale ukusikwa, imitha ihanjiswa kwindawo ebelikade likho kuyo ithumba. I-IORT isetyenziselwa amathumba angakhange asasazeke kwaye iiseli zesisu ezincinci zihlala emva kokuba kususwe ithumba elikhulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa nemitha yangaphandle, izibonelelo ze-IORT zinokubandakanya:

• Kuphela yindawo yethumba ekujoliswe kuyo ngoko ke akukho monakalo mncinci kwizicubu ezisempilweni
• Kunikwa idosi enye kuphela yemitha
• Ukuhambisa idosi encinci yemitha

IZIPHUMO ZEXESHA LOKUNYANGISWA YIMISEBENZI

Unyango ngemitha lungonakalisa okanye lubulale iiseli ezisempilweni. Ukufa kweeseli ezisempilweni kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kwidosi yemitha, kwaye unalo unyango kangaphi. Imitha yelanga engaphandle inokubangela utshintsho lolusu, njengokulahleka kweenwele, isikhumba esibomvu okanye esivuthayo, ukuceketheka kwezicubu zolusu, okanye ukuphalaza ulusu olungaphandle.

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba ofumana imitha:

• Isisu
• Ingqondo
• Isifuba
• Isifuba
• Umlomo nentamo
• I-Pelvic (phakathi kwesinqe)
• Indlala

Unyango ngemitha; Umhlaza - unyango ngemitha; Unyango ngemitha - imbewu eqhumayo; Ukunyanga okunyanzelekileyo kwe-radiotherapy (IMRT); I-radiotherapy ekhokelwa ngumfanekiso (IGRT); Unyango lweRadiosurgery-radiation; I-Stereotactic radiotherapy (i-SRT) -unyango lwe-radiation; Unyango lwe-stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) -yonyango; Unyango lwangaphakathi lokuhlinzwa; Unyango lwe-Proton radiotherapy-radiation

• I-radiosurgery yestereotactic-ukukhutshwa

• Unyango ngemitha

ICzito BG, iCalvo FA, iHaddock MG, iBlitzlau R, iWillett CG. Umsebenzi we-Iradiation. Ku: Gunderson LL, Tepper JE, ii-eds. Gunderson kunye neTepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isahluko 22.

UDoroshow JH. Sondela kwisigulana esinomhlaza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango ngemitha ukunyanga umhlaza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 8, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 5, 2020.

UZeman EM, uSchreiber EC, uTepper JE. Isiseko sonyango lwemitha. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 27.