Umlomo wesibeleko

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko
• Oonobangela bedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• Ukufumana isiqabu kwintlungu
• Ityhefu yeBotulinum
• Amayeza
• Unyango lwe-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko
• Ulungiso lwenyama
• Ukubuyela umva
• Ugqirha
• Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo enzulu
• Imithambo
• Imbonakalo yedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko

Ushwankathelo

I-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko yimeko enqabileyo apho izihlunu zentamo yakho zingena khona ngokungahambelani kwizikhundla ezingaqhelekanga. Ibangela ukuphindaphindeka kokujikeleza kokujikeleza kwentloko nentamo yakho. Iintshukumo zinokuhamba kancinci, kwi-spasms, okanye rhoqo.

Ubunzima be-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko buyahluka. Kungaba buhlungu kwaye kukhubaze kwezinye iimeko. Isizathu esithile asaziwa. Alukho unyango okwangoku, kodwa iimpawu zinokunyangwa.

I-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-spasmodic torticollis.

Iimpawu zedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko

Ubuhlungu luphawu oluqhelekileyo kunye nolucelomngeni lwe-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko. Intlungu ihlala kwicala elinye lentloko njengokuthambeka.

Ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kwi-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko kukujija kwentloko kunye ne-chin ecaleni, ukuya egxalabeni lakho, elibizwa ngokuba yi-torticollis. Ezinye iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga zibandakanya intloko:

• ukuqhubela phambili, chin ezantsi, eyaziwa njenge-anterocollis
• ukujingxela ngasemva, isilevu phezulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-retrocollis
• ukujingxela ecaleni, indlebe egxalabeni, eyaziwa njenge-laterocollis

Abanye banokudibanisa kwezi ntshukumo. Kwakhona, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha nangomntu ngamnye.

Uxinzelelo okanye ukonwaba kunokuzenza mandundu iimpawu. Kwakhona, ezinye izikhundla zomzimba zinokusebenzisa iimpawu.

Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ngokuthe ngcembe. Banokuba mandundu ngakumbi emva koko bafike kwithafa elisentabeni. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• intlungu yentamo ephuma emagxeni
• igxalaba eliphakanyisiweyo
• ukungcangcazela kwezandla
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukungcangcazela kwentloko, okuchaphazela malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko
• ukwandiswa kwemisipha yentamo, echaphazela malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zabantu abane-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko
• ukungazi ngeentshukumo zomzimba ezingachaphazeleki yi-dystonia

Oonobangela bedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unobangela we-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko awaziwa. Izizathu ezinokubakho ezichongiweyo kwezinye iimeko zibandakanya:

• ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo, njengee-Parkinson
• amayeza athintela i-dopamine, enje nge-antipsychotic
• ukwenzakala entloko, entanyeni, okanye emagxeni
• uguquko kwimfuza, njengoko i-10 ukuya kwi-25 yepesenti yabantu abane-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko banokuba nembali yosapho yesifo
• ingxaki yengqondo

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko ikhona xa kuzalwa. Imeko zokusingqongileyo nazo zinokubandakanyeka.

Imiba yomngcipheko

I-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko iqikelelwa ukuba ichaphazele abantu abamalunga nama-60,000 e-United States. Abo basemngciphekweni baquka:

• abasetyhini, abachaphazeleka phantse kabini kunamadoda
• abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nama-60
• abo banembali yosapho ye-dystonia

Ukufumana isiqabu kwintlungu

Ubuhlungu luphawu oluphambili lwe-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko. Abantu baphendula ngokwahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza kunye nokudityaniswa konyango. Into esebenzela abanye isenokungasebenzi kuwe.

Ityhefu yeBotulinum

Unyango oluphambili lokuphelisa iintlungu ziinaliti zetyhefu ye-botulinum kwimisipha yentamo rhoqo kwiiveki ezili-11 ukuya kwezi-12. Oku kukhupha imithambo-luvo kwimisipha yentamo. Kuxelwa ukuba kunciphise iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu kwiipesenti ezingama-75 zabantu abane-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko.

Ngokophando olwenziwe ngo-2008, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuxilongwa komqondiso wombane, okanye i-electromyography, ukujolisa kwimisipha ethile yenaliti ye-botulinum toxin.

Iziyobisi zeBotulinum ezisetyenzisiweyo zibandakanya iBotox, iDysport, Xeomin, neMyobloc. Unokuba uqhelene neBotox njengombimbi ococekileyo osetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuthambisa.

Amayeza

Iindidi ezininzi zamayeza omlomo axelwe yiDystonia Foundation ukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu ezinxulumene nedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko. Oku kubandakanya:

• i-anticholinergics, efana ne-trihexyphenidyl (Artane) kunye ne-benztropine (Cogentin), ethintela i-neurotransmitter acetylcholine
• I-dopaminergics, njenge-levodopa (iSinemet), i-bromocriptine (iParlodel), kunye ne-amantadine (iSmmetrel), ethintela i-neurotransmitter dopamine
• I-GABAergics, enjenge-diazepam (Valium), ejolise kwi-neurotransmitter GABA-A
• ii-anticonvulsants, ezinje nge-topiramate (Topamax), esetyenziswa njengonyango lwesifo sokuwa kunye ne-migraine, kwaye ibike ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo ekunyangeni iimpawu zedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko.

Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa nogqirha wakho ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulumene nala mayeza.

Unyango lwe-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko

Iinketho zonyango lwe-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko ziphucukile kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukongeza kunyango lomzimba, iingcebiso zinokuba luncedo, ngakumbi kwiindlela zokukunceda ukumelana noxinzelelo.

Ulungiso lwenyama

Unyango lomzimba lunokunceda. Oku kubandakanya ukuthambisa kunye nobushushu ukukhulula intamo kunye namagxa akho kunye nokuzolula ekujolise kuko kunye nokomeleza imithambo.

Abantu abangama-20 abane-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko bafumanise ukuba unyango lomzimba luphucula iintlungu, ezinye iimpawu kunye nomgangatho wobomi. Inkqubo yokufunda ibandakanyeka:

• ukuzilolonga ukuhamba kwicala elichaseneyo lomntu
• imithambo ye-kinesiotherapy yokuhambisa nokwolula intamo
• ukukhuthaza kombane kwezihlunu

Ukubuyela umva

I-Biofeedback ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo se-elektroniki ukulinganisa izinto ezinje ngemisipha, ukuhamba kwegazi, kunye namaza engqondo.

Olu lwazi luye lubuyiselwe emntwini nge-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko, ukubanceda bakwazi ukubanakho ukulawula iintshukumo zabo zokuzibandakanya.

Isifundo esincinci sika-2013 sisebenzisa i-biofeedback sibonise ukukhululeka kweentlungu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Ugqirha

Xa unyango olungakumbi lungasebenzi, iinkqubo zotyando zinokukhetha. Qaphela ukuba i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko yimeko enqabileyo, ke izifundo ezilawulwa kakhulu azifumaneki.

Iindlela ezindala zotyando zibandakanya ukusika imithambo-luvo kwingqondo ebandakanyekileyo ekuhambeni okungazibandakanyi kwentloko. Ezi nkqubo zotyando zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kwakhona, iintshukumo ezingazibandakanyi zinokubuya emva kwexesha.

Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo enzulu

Ukuvuselela ingqondo okunzulu, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-neuromodulation, lunyango olutsha. Kubandakanya ukubhola umngxunya omncinci kukhakhayi kunye nokufaka izikhombisi zombane kwingqondo.

Ibhetri encinci elawula isikhokelo ifakwe ngaphakathi kufutshane nekhola. Iingcingo eziphantsi kwesikhumba zidibanisa ibhetri kunye nezikhokelo. Usebenzisa ulawulo olukude ukuhambisa umbane wamandla ombane asezantsi kwimithambo-luvo ejongene nentloko kunye nentamo.

Imithambo

Ingcali yezomzimba inokunceda kwimithambo ethile onokuyenza ngokukhuselekileyo ekhaya ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokomeleza izihlunu zakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha amaqhinga alula eemvakalelo anokunceda ukumisa i-spasm. Oku kubandakanya ukuchukumisa ngokulula icala elichasene nobuso bakho, isilevu, isidlele, okanye umva wentloko yakho. Ukwenza oku kwicala elinye njengoko i-spasm yakho inokusebenza ngakumbi, kodwa ukusebenza kunokuncipha ngexesha.

Imbonakalo yedystonia yomlomo wesibeleko

I-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko sisifo esineengxaki zemithambo-luvo esinganyangekiyo okwangoku. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zedystonia, inokubandakanya iintlungu ezibonakalayo kunye nokukhubazeka. Ibe mandundu ngoxinzelelo.

Kungenzeka ukuba ube nokudibanisa unyango, kuquka:

• ityhefu ye-botulinum
• ulungiso lwenyama
• iingcebiso
• utyando, kwezinye iimeko

Abantu abambalwa banokuya kuxolelo kunyango.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• ukusasazeka kokungazibandakanyi kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho
• ithambo lijikeleza emqolo
• yomlomo wesibeleko samathambo

Abantu abane-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko banomngcipheko ophezulu woxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.

Kwicala elifanelekileyo, unyango lwe-dystonia yomlomo wesibeleko luyaqhubeka nokuphucuka njengoko kwenziwe uphando ngakumbi. Unokuba nomdla wokujoyina uvavanyo lweklinikhi oluphanda unyango olutsha.

Isiseko soPhando lwezoNyango lweDystonia sinokukunceda ngolwazi kunye nezixhobo, njengokufumana i-intanethi okanye iqela lenkxaso yendawo.