Isikhokelo sabahambi sokuphepha izifo ezosulelayo

Ungahlala usempilweni ngexesha lokuhamba ngokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuzikhusela ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Unako kwakhona ukwenza izinto ukunceda ukuthintela izifo xa useluhambeni. Uninzi lwezifo ozibambayo xa useluhambeni zincinci. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, nangona kunjalo, zinokuba nzima, okanye zibulale.

Izifo ziyahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni. Uya kudinga ukuthatha amanyathelo ahlukeneyo othintelo, kuxhomekeka apho uya khona. Ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo:

• Izinambuzane kunye neeparasites
• Imozulu yendawo
• Ucoceko

Owona mthombo woluntu wolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo oluhlaziyiweyo zezi:

• Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

NGAPHAMBI KOKUHAMBA

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye undwendwele iklinikhi yokuhamba iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuba uye kuhambo lwakho. Unokufuna ugonyo oluninzi. Ezinye zazo zifuna ixesha lokusebenza.

Kuya kufuneka uphinde uhlaziye ugonyo lwakho. Umzekelo, unokufuna ugonyo "lokukhuthaza":

• I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, kunye ne-pertussis (Tdap)
• Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane)
• Imasisi - uqwilikana - irubella (MMR)
• Ipoliyo

Kananjalo unokufuna izitofu zokugonya izifo ezingafumanekiyo eMntla Merika. Imizekelo yezitofu zokugonya zibandakanya:

• IHepatitis A
• IHepatitis B
• Meningococcal
• Typhoid

Amazwe athile afuna ugonyo. Ungadinga ubungqina bokuba ufumene olu gonyo ukuze ungene kweli lizwe.

• Ukugonywa nge-yellow fever kuyadingeka ukungena kumazwe athile ase-Sub-Saharan, Central Africa, nase-South America.
• Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal kuyadingeka ukungena eSaudi Arabia kuhambo lweHajj.
• Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemfuno zelizwe, jonga iiwebhusayithi zeCDC okanye zeWHO.

Abantu abanokuba neemfuno zokugonya ezahlukeneyo zibandakanya:

• Abantwana
• Abantu abadala
• Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka okanye i-HIV
• Abantu abalindele ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana ezithile
• Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo

Jonga umboneleli wakho okanye iklinikhi yokuhamba yendawo.

UKUTHINTELA IMALARIYA

I-Malaria sisifo esibi esasasazeka ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ezithile, zihlala ziluma phakathi kokutshona kwelanga. Oku kwenzeka ikakhulu kwimimandla yetropiki neyobushushu. Isifo seengcongconi sinokubangela ifiva ephezulu, ukugungqa ukugodola, iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye neanemia. Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-malaria.

Ukuba uhambela kwindawo apho isifo seengcongconi sixhaphake khona, kungafuneka uthathe amayeza athintela isifo. La mayeza athathwa ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, ngexesha lokuhamba kwakho, kunye nexesha elifutshane emva kokuba ubuyile. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza kuyahluka. Olunye uhlobo lwesifo seengcongconi luyanyangeka kumayeza athile othintelo. Kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukulunywa zizinambuzane.

IZIKA VIRUS

UZika yintsholongwane egqithiselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ezosulelekileyo. Iimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, ukukhawuleza, kunye namehlo abomvu (i-conjunctivitis). Iingcongconi ezisasaza iZika zihlobo olufanayo olusasaza umkhuhlane we-dengue kunye ne-virus ye-chikungunya. Ezi ngcongconi zihlala zondla emini. Akukho sitofu sikhoyo sokuthintela iZika.

Kukholelwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi koomama abane-Zika usulelo kunye neentsana ezizalwe nge-microcephaly kunye nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa. UZika unokusasazeka ukusuka kumama uye kosana lwakhe esibelekweni (esibelekweni) okanye ngexesha lokuzalwa. Indoda eneZika ingasasaza esi sifo kumaqabane ayo. Kukho iingxelo zokusasazeka kukaZika ngotofelo-gazi.

Ngaphambi ko-2015, intsholongwane yayifumaneka ikakhulu e-Afrika, kwi-mpuma ye-Asiya nakwiiPacific Islands. Sele isasazeke kumazwe amaninzi nakwamanye amazwe kubandakanya:

• Brazil
• Iziqithi zeCaribbean
• UMbindi Merika
• Mekhsikho
• amantla Emelika
• amazantsi Emelika
• iPuerto Rico

Esi sifo sifunyenwe kwimimandla ethile yaseMelika. Olona lwazi luhlaziyiweyo, nceda undwendwele iZiko loLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) iwebhusayithi - www.cdc.gov/zika.

Ukuthintela ukufumana intsholongwane yeZika, thabatha amanyathelo okuphepha ukulunywa yingcongconi. Ukosulelwa yintsholongwane ngesondo kunokuthintelwa ngokusebenzisa iikhondom okanye ukungabelani ngesondo nomntu onokosuleleka.

UKUTHINTELA IZILWANYANA KWEZINYANYA

Ukuthintela ukulunywa ziingcongconi kunye nezinye izinambuzane:

• Nxiba izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane xa ungaphandle, kodwa zisebenzise ngokukhuselekileyo.Izinto zokugxotha eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-DEET kunye ne-picaridin. Ezinye izinto ezigxotha i-biopesticide yioyile ye-lemon eucalyptus (OLE), PMD, kunye ne-IR3535.
• Kuya kufuneka usebenzise inethi yengcongconi xa ulele.
• Nxiba iibhulukhwe neehempe ezinemikhono emide, ngakumbi xa kuhlwile.
• Lala kuphela kwiindawo ezivavanyiweyo.
• Musa ukunxiba iziqholo.

UKUTYA NOKHUSELEKO LAMANZI

Unokufumana ezinye iintlobo zosulelo ngokutya okanye ngokusela ukutya okungcolileyo okanye amanzi. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokusuleleka kukutya ukutya okungaphekwanga okanye okuluhlaza.

Hlala kude nokutya okulandelayo:

• Ukutya okuphekiweyo okuvunyelwe ukupholisa (njengokuthengisa esitratweni)
• Isiqhamo esingakhange sihlanjwe ngamanzi acocekileyo emva koko sichuba
• Imifuno eluhlaza
• Isaladi
• Ukutya okungafunekiyo kobisi, njengobisi okanye itshizi

Ukusela amanzi anganyangekiyo okanye angcolileyo kungakhokelela kusulelo. Sela kuphela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iziphuzo ezinamathanga okanye ezingavulwanga (amanzi, ijusi, amanzi amaminerali e-carbonated, iziselo ezibandayo)
• Iziselo ezenziwe ngamanzi abilisiweyo, anje ngeti nekofu

Sukusebenzisa umkhenkce kwiziselo zakho ngaphandle kokuba wenziwe ngamanzi acociweyo. Ungawahlambulula amanzi ngokuwabilisa okanye ngokuwanyanga ngeekiti ezithile zemichiza okanye izihluzi zamanzi.

AMANYE AMANYATHELO OKUTHINTELA IZIFO EZINGASUNGILEYO

Coca izandla zakho rhoqo. Sebenzisa isepha kunye namanzi okanye into yokucoca utywala ukunceda ukuthintela usulelo.

Sukuma okanye uqubha kwimilambo enamanzi amatsha, imilambo, okanye amachibi anelindle okanye ilindle lezilwanyana kuyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo. Ukuqubha kumachibi ane-chlorine kukhuselekile ixesha elininzi.

XA KUQHAGAMSHELWANWA NOMSEBENZI WOBUGCISA

Urhudo ngamanye amaxesha lunokunyangwa ngokuphumla nangamanzi. Umboneleli wakho unokukunika isibulali zintsholongwane ukuba usithathe kuhambo lwakho xa uthe wagula sisifo sorhudo xa uhamba.

Fumana unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba:

• Urhudo alupheli
• Uba nomkhuhlane omkhulu okanye uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho xa ubuyela ekhaya ukuba ugula ngumkhuhlane xa useluhambeni.

Impilo yabahambi; Izifo ezosulelayo kunye nabahambi

• Izifo ezosulelayo kunye nabahambi
• Isifo seengcongconi

UBeran J, uGoad J. Amayeza okugonya okuhamba rhoqo: i-hepatitis A kunye no-B, ityphoid. Ku: Ilitye eliyintloko JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Amayeza ohambo. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 11.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane kaZika. Kubaboneleli ngezempilo: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi kunye nezifo. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/paring-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 28, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane yeZika: iindlela zokudlulisa. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 24, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.

UChristenson JC, uJohn CC. Ingcebiso yezempilo yabantwana abahamba kumazwe aphesheya. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 200.

UFreman ongumntu, u-Chen LH. Sondela kwisigulana ngaphambi nasemva kokuhamba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 270.

Umbutho wezeMpilo kwiHlabathi liphela. Uluhlu lwelizwe: iimfuno zokugonywa yi-yellow fever kunye neengcebiso; imeko yemalariya; kunye nezinye iimfuno zokugonya. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 3, 2020.