Ityhefu yehydrochloric acid

Ihydrochloric acid lulwelo olucacileyo nolunetyhefu. Yikhemikhali enobungozi kwaye ibonakalisa kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ngokukhawuleza kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizicubu, ezifana nokutshisa, xa uqhagamshelana.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. Sukuyisebenzisa ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu eyiyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Ihydrochloric acid

I-Hydrochloric acid ifumaneka kwi:

• Izichumisi ezithile
• Iikhemikhali zamachibi
• Iifolding flux
• Isitya sangasese kunye nezinye izinto zokucoca i-porcelain

Olu luhlu alubandakanyi konke.

Iimpawu zokugwinya i-hydrochloric acid inokubandakanya:

• Ukutsha komlomo nomqala, kubangela iintlungu eziqatha
• Ukutsala amathe
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima ngenxa yokudumba komqala
• Iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• Ukugabha igazi
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni
• Ifiva
• Ukuhla ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwegazi (ukothuka)

Iimpawu zokuphefumla kwi-hydrochloric acid:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimilebe kunye neenzipho
• Ukuqina kwesifuba
• Ukukrwitsha
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• Ukubetha ngokukhawuleza
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ubuthathaka

Ukuba ityhefu ichukumisa ulusu okanye amehlo akho, unokuba:

• Amadyungudyungu
• Ukutsha
• Intlungu
• Ukulahleka kombono

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. MUSA ukumenza umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe ukuba enze njalo nguLawulo lweTyhefu okanye ingcali yezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba imichiza iye yaginywa, khawuleza unike umntu amanzi okanye ubisi, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wezempilo. SUKUNIKE amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba umntu uneempawu (ezinjengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye izinga lokuphaphela) elenza kubenzima ukuginya.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, msuse kwangoko uye kumoya omtsha.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, misela olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko (umzekelo, ngaba umntu uvukile okanye ulumkile?)
• Igama lemveliso (izithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Xa yayiginyiwe okanye iphefumlelwe
• Ingakanani eginyiwe okanye iphefumlelwe

Nangona kunjalo, SUKULIBAZA ukucela uncedo ukuba olu lwazi alufumaneki ngokukhawuleza.

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Umntu angafumana:

• Inkxaso yomoya, kubandakanya ioksijini, ityhubhu yokuphefumla ngomlomo (intubation), kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• Ikhamera phantsi komqala ukuze ubone ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya (i-bronchoscopy)
• Ikhamera ezantsi emqaleni ukuze ubone ukutshisa kwisisu kunye nesisu (endoscopy)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• EKG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (IV)
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu
• Ithubhu ngeempumlo ingene esiswini ukuze ifunxe (aspirate) nayiphi na iasidi eseleyo ukuba ixhoba libonwa kwakamsinya emva kokufaka ityhefu

Qaphela: Amalahle avuselelweyo ayinyangi ngokufanelekileyo (adsorb) yehydrochloric acid.

Ukuvezwa kolusu, unyango lunokubandakanya:

• Ukususwa kotyando kwesikhumba esitshisiweyo (ukususwa)
• Ukutshintshela kwisibhedlele esigxile kukhathalelo lokutsha
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela), kunokwenzeka rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu eginyileyo kunye nokuba unyango lufunyenwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ngokukhawuleza umntu efumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

Umntu lowo kungafuneka ahlale esibhedlele afumane unyango olungaphezulu. Ukugwinya ityhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Umonakalo omkhulu emlonyeni, emqaleni, nasesiswini kunokwenzeka. Imingxunya (imingxunya) esophagus kunye nesisu inokubangela usulelo olubi esifubeni nakwimingxunya esiswini, enokubangela ukufa. Utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe i-perforations. Umhlaza we-esophagus ngumngcipheko omkhulu kubantu abaphila emva kokungenisa i-hydrochloric acid.

IBlanc PD. Iimpendulo eziqinisekileyo kukuvezwa okunetyhefu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 75.

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

ILayibrari yeSizwe yoNyango, iiNkonzo zezoLwazi eziZodwa, iwebhusayithi yeNzululwazi yeToxicology IHydrogen chloride. YiyaTynet.nlm.nih.gov. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-19 ka-Okthobha ka-2015. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 17, 2019.