Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo

Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe intliziyo eyonakeleyo okanye enesifo kwaye uyitshintshe ibe nentliziyo yomnikeli esempilweni.

Ukufumana intliziyo yomnikeli kunokuba nzima. Intliziyo kufuneka inikelwe ngumntu obhubhile ebuchotsheni kodwa usaxhasa ubomi. Intliziyo yomnikeli kufuneka ibe kwimeko yesiqhelo ngaphandle kwesifo kwaye kufuneka ihambelane ngokusondeleyo kwigazi lakho kunye / okanye kuhlobo lwethishu ukunciphisa ithuba lokuba umzimba wakho uyala.

Ubekwa ebuthongweni obunzulu nge-anesthesia ngokubanzi, kwaye kusikwa kwenziwa ngethambo lesifuba.

• Igazi lakho lihamba ngomatshini wokudlula kwentliziyo-nemiphunga ngelixa ugqirha esebenza entliziyweni yakho. Lo matshini wenza umsebenzi wentliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga ngelixa bemisiwe, kwaye unikezela umzimba wakho ngegazi kunye neoksijini.
• Intliziyo yakho egulayo iyasuswa kwaye nentliziyo yomnikeli ithungiwe. Umatshini wentliziyo nemiphunga emva koko uyacinywa. Igazi lihamba ngentliziyo efakelweyo, ethatha indawo yokubonelela umzimba wakho ngegazi kunye neoksijini.
• Iityhubhu zifakwa ukukhupha umoya, ulwelo, kunye negazi ngaphandle kwesifuba kangangeentsuku ezininzi, kunye nokuvumela imiphunga ukuba yande ngokupheleleyo.

Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kungenziwa ukunyanga:

• Umonakalo omkhulu wentliziyo emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, xa amayeza, ezinye iindlela zonyango kunye notyando zingasancedi
• Iziphene zentliziyo ezimandla ezazikhona ngexesha lokuzalwa kwaye azinakulungiswa ngoqhaqho
• Ukusongela ubomi ngokungaqhelekanga kwentliziyo okanye izingqisho ezingaphenduliyo kwezinye iindlela zonyango

Utyando lotyando lwentliziyo alunakusetyenziswa kubantu:

• Abondlekanga
• Badala kuneminyaka yobudala engama-65 ukuya kuma-70
• Ukhe wabethwa sistroke okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Unomhlaza ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 eyadlulayo
• Usulelo lwe-HIV
• Unesifo, njenge-hepatitis, esebenzayo
• Unesifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin kunye namanye amalungu, njengezintso, ezingasebenzi kakuhle
• Unesifo sezintso, semiphunga, semithambo-luvo okanye sesibindi
• Ungabinayo inkxaso yosapho kwaye ungalandeli unyango lwabo
• Zinezinye izifo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi entanyeni nasemlenzeni
• Unxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga (ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi emphungeni)
• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala okanye iziyobisi, okanye ezinye iindlela zokuphila ezinokonakalisa intliziyo entsha
• Abathembekanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangawathatha amayeza abo, okanye ukuba umntu akakwazi ukuqhubeka nezibhedlele ezininzi kunye notyelelo lweofisi yezonyango kunye novavanyo

Iingozi ezisuka nakweyiphi na i-anesthesia zezi:

• Impendulo kumayeza
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla

Iingozi ezivela kulo naluphi na utyando zezi:

• Ukopha
• Usulelo

Iingozi zokufakelwa zibandakanya:

• Amahlwili egazi (thrombosis enzulu yemithambo)
• Umonakalo kwizintso, isibindi, okanye amanye amalungu asuka kumachiza alwa ukwaliwa
• Ukuphuhliswa komhlaza kumachiza asetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukwaliwa
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukubetha
• Iingxaki zesingqi sentliziyo
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, kunye nokuncipha kwethambo ekusebenziseni amayeza okwala
• Umngcipheko owandileyo wosulelo ngenxa yamayeza achasayo
• Imiphunga kunye nokusilela kwezintso
• Ukwala kwentliziyo
• Isifo somthambo esiqatha
• Usulelo lwenxeba
• Intliziyo entsha isenokungasebenzi kwaphela

Nje ukuba uthunyelwe kwiziko lokufakelwa, uya kuvavanywa liqela lofakelo. Baza kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wofakelo. Uya kundwendwela amaxesha amaninzi kwiiveki ezininzi okanye iinyanga. Uya kudinga ukuba utsale igazi kwaye uthathwe ii-x-reyi. Oku kulandelayo kungenziwa kwakhona:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye ulusu ukukhangela usuleleko
• Uvavanyo lwezintso kunye nesibindi
• Uvavanyo lokuvavanya intliziyo yakho, njenge-ECG, i-echocardiogram, kunye ne-catheterization yentliziyo
• Uvavanyo lokujonga umhlaza
• Izicubu kunye nokuchwetheza igazi, ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho awuyi kuyala intliziyo oyinikileyo
• I-Ultrasound yentamo yakho kunye nemilenze

Uya kufuna ukujonga elinye okanye ngaphezulu amaziko okufakelwa ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto ingakulungela:

• Babuze ukuba zingaphi izinto abazitshintshayo abazenzileyo minyaka le kwaye ngawaphi amazinga abo okusinda. Thelekisa la manani kunye namanye amanani avela kwamanye amaziko. Zonke ezi zinto ziyafumaneka kwi-intanethi ku-unos.org.
• Buza ukuba ngawaphi amaqela enkxaso abanawo kwaye bangakanani uncedo abalunikezelayo ngohambo kunye nezindlu.
• Buza malunga neendleko zamayeza oza kuwathatha emva koko kwaye nokuba kukho naluphi na uncedo lwezemali ekufumaneni amayeza.

Ukuba iqela lokufakelwa likholelwa ukuba ungumgqatswa olungileyo, uya kubekwa kuluhlu lokulinda lwengingqi ngentliziyo:

• Indawo yakho kuluhlu isekwe kwizinto ezininzi. Izinto eziphambili zibandakanya uhlobo kunye nobukrakra besifo sentliziyo yakho, kunye nokuba ugula kangakanani ngeli xesha ukudweliswa.
• Ubungakanani bexesha olichitha kuluhlu lwabantu abalindileyo aluhlali lubangela ukuba ufumane intliziyo kungekudala, ngaphandle kwabantwana.

Uninzi, kodwa ayingabo bonke, abantu abalinde ukufakelwa kwentliziyo bagula kakhulu kwaye kufuneka babesesibhedlele. Uninzi luya kufuna uhlobo oluthile lwesixhobo ukunceda intliziyo yabo ukuba impompe igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni. Rhoqo, esi sisixhobo esincedisa i-ventricular (VAD).

Kuya kufuneka ulinde ukuhlala esibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-21 emva kofakelo lwentliziyo. Iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 zokuqala ziya kuba kwicandelo lezonyango (ICU). Ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala emva kokufakelwa, kuya kufuneka ulandelelwe ngokusondeleyo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba awufumani usulelo kwaye intliziyo yakho isebenza kakuhle.

Ixesha lokubuyisela malunga neenyanga ezi-3 kwaye rhoqo, iqela lakho lokutshintsha liya kukucela ukuba uhlale kufutshane nesibhedlele ngelo xesha. Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo kuvavanyo lwegazi, ii-x-reyi, kunye nee-echocardiograms iminyaka emininzi.

Ukulwa ukwaliwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo. Amajoni omzimba athathela ingqalelo into efakelweyo emzimbeni welinye ilizwe kwaye ayalwa nayo. Ngesi sizathu, izigulana zifakelwa amalungu kufuneka zithathe amayeza athintela ukuphendula komzimba. Ukuthintela ukwaliwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe la mayeza kwaye ulandele ngononophelo imiyalelo yakho yokuzikhathalela.

Ii-Biopsies zentliziyo yesihlunu zihlala zenziwa rhoqo ngenyanga kwiinyanga zokuqala ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kokufakelwa, emva koko zingaphantsi rhoqo emva koko. Oku kunceda ukumisela ukuba umzimba wakho uyayilahla intliziyo entsha, nangaphambi kokuba ube neempawu.

Kuya kufuneka uthathe iziyobisi ezithintela ukukhatywa kokungafakwanga ubomi bakho bonke. Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba ungawathatha njani na la mayeza, kwaye wazi neziphumo zawo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ungabuyela kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kwiinyanga ezi-3 emva kokufakelwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba uziva uphile ngokwaneleyo, nasemva kokuthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba ucwangcisa ukwenza umthambo.

Ukuba uhlakulela isifo se-coronary emva kokutshintshwa, unokuba ne-catheterization yentliziyo minyaka le.

Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kwandisa ubomi babantu abanokufa. Malunga ne-80% yezigulana zokufakelwa kwentliziyo ziyaphila kwiminyaka emi-2 emva kotyando. Kwiminyaka emi-5, iipesenti ezingama-70 zezigulana ziya kuba zisaphila emva kokufakelwa kwentliziyo.

Eyona ngxaki iphambili, njengakwezinye ukufakelwa, kukhatywa. Ukuba ukwaliwa kunokulawulwa, ukusinda kunyuka kuye ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10.

Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo; Ukutshintsha - intliziyo; Ukutshintsha - intliziyo

• Icandelo lentliziyo phakathi embindini
• Intliziyo - umbono wangaphambili
• I-anatomy yesiqhelo yentliziyo
• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo-uthotho

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UJessup M, uAtluri P, uAcker MA. Ulawulo lotyando lokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann, DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 28.

IKliegman RM, iSt. Geme JW, iBlum NJ, i-Shah SS, iTasker RC, uWilson KM. Intliziyo yabantwana kunye nokufakelwa kwentliziyo nemiphunga. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 470.

UMancini D, uNaka Y. Ukutshintshwa kwentliziyo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 82.

UYancy CW, uJessup M, uBozkurt B, et al. Ngo-2017 i-ACC / AHA / i-HFSA iJolise kuHlaziyo lwe-2013 ye-ACCF / ye-AHA yezikhokelo zolawulo lokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo: ingxelo yeAmerican College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force kwizikhokelo zeKlinikhi yokuSebenza kunye noMbutho woKusilela kwentliziyo eMelika. J Card iyasilela. Ngo-2017; 23 (8): 628-651. IINKCUKACHA: 28461259 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28461259.