IMRI

Uvavanyo lwe-imaging resonance imaging (MRI) luvavanyo lokucinga olusebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza kanomathotholo ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba. Ayisebenzisi i-radiation ionization (x-ray).

Imifanekiso enye ye-MRI ibizwa ngokuba zizilayi. Imifanekiso inokugcinwa kwikhompyuter okanye iprintwe kwifilimu. Uvavanyo olunye lunokuvelisa amawaka emifanekiso.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeMRI zibandakanya:

• I-MRI yesisu
• I-MRI yomlomo wesibeleko
• I-MRI yesifuba
• I-Cranial MRI
• I-MRI yentliziyo
• I-Lumbar MRI
• I-MRI yePelvic
• I-MRA (MR Angiography)
• I-MRV (MR ubuGcisa)

Unokucelwa ukuba unxibe ilokhwe yasesibhedlele okanye impahla ngaphandle kwee-zipper okanye ii-snaps (ezinje ngezikipa kunye nesikipa). Iindidi ezithile zentsimbi zinokubangela imifanekiso engacacanga.

Uya kulala kwitafile emxinwa, ethi ityibilike kwiskena esikhulu esimile.

Ezinye iimviwo zifuna idayi ekhethekileyo (umahluko). Uninzi lwexesha, idayi iya kunikwa ngomthambo (IV) esandleni sakho okanye kwingalo yaphambi kovavanyo. Idayi inceda i-radiologist ibone iindawo ezithile ngokucacileyo.

Izixhobo ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba ziikhoyili, zinokubekwa zijikeleze intloko, ingalo, okanye umlenze, okanye ezinye iindawo ekufuneka zifundwe. Oku kunceda ukuthumela nokwamkela amaza kanomathotholo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemifanekiso.

Ngexesha le-MRI, umntu osebenza kumatshini uya kukujonga ukwelinye igumbi. Uvavanyo luhlala malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60, kodwa lungathatha ixesha elide.

Unokucelwa ukuba ungatyi okanye usele nantoni na iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuskena.

Xelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba woyika iindawo ezikufutshane (une-claustrophobia). Unokunikwa iyeza lokukunceda uzive ulele kwaye ungakhathazeki kangako, okanye umboneleli wakho anokucebisa nge-MRI evulekileyo, apho umatshini ungasondelanga emzimbeni.

Ngaphambi kovavanyo, xelela umboneleli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Iintsholongwane zentliziyo ezingezizo
• Iiklip ze-aneurysm zengqondo
• Intliziyo defibrillator okanye ipacemaker
• Ukufakwa kwendlebe ngaphakathi (cochlear)
• Isifo sezintso okanye i-dialysis (ngekhe ukwazi ukufumana umahluko)
• Kutshanje kubekwe amalungu anganyanisekanga
• Iimpawu zemithambo
• Ukusebenza ngesinyithi kwiphepha elidlulileyo (unokufuna iimvavanyo ukujonga iziqwenga zentsimbi emehlweni akho)

Ngenxa yokuba i-MRI iqulethe iimagnethi ezinamandla, izinto zesinyithi azivumelekanga kwigumbi elinesikena se-MRI:

• Izinto ezinje ngezacholo, iiwotshi, amakhadi etyala kunye nezinto zokuva zinokonakaliswa.
• Iipeni, iipokotho, kunye neiglasi zamehlo zingabhabha ngaphaya kwegumbi.
• Izikhonkwane, izikhonkwane zeenwele, iiziphu zentsimbi, kunye nezinto ezifanayo zesinyithi zinokuyigqwetha imifanekiso.
• Umsebenzi osuswayo wamazinyo kufuneka ukhutshwe ngaphambi nje kokuskena.

Uvavanyo lwe-MRI alubangeli zintlungu. Ukuba unobunzima bokulala uzolile okanye unovalo kakhulu, unokunikwa iyeza lokukuphumla. Ukuhamba kakhulu kunokuphazamisa imifanekiso ye-MRI kwaye kubangele iimpazamo.

Itafile inokuba nzima okanye ibanda, kodwa ungacela ingubo okanye umqamelo. Umatshini uvelisa ingxolo enkulu kunye nengxolo xa kuvuliwe. Unganxiba iiplagi zendlebe ukunceda ukunciphisa ingxolo.

I-intercom egumbini ikuvumela ukuba uthethe nomntu nangaliphi na ixesha. Ezinye ii-MRIs zinomabonakude kunye neefowuni ezizodwa onokuzisebenzisa ukunceda ixesha lidlule.

Akukho xesha lokufumana kwakhona, ngaphandle kokuba unikwe iyeza lokuphumla. Emva kokuvavanywa kweMRI, unokuphinda uqalise ukutya okuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi kunye namayeza.

Ukuba ne-MRI kunokuhlala kunceda:

• Ukuchonga usulelo
• Khokela ugqirha kwindawo elungileyo ngexesha lokuphanda
• Chonga ubunzima kunye namathumba, kubandakanya umhlaza
• Funda imithambo yegazi

Imifanekiso ye-MRI ethathwe emva kwedayi ekhethekileyo (umahluko) inikezelwe emzimbeni wakho inokunika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemithambo yegazi.

I-angonogram ye-magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) yindlela yokucinga ngemagneti evumela imifanekiso emi-3 yemithambo yegazi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ukuba indawo yomzimba efundwayo ijongeka njengesiqhelo.

Iziphumo zixhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba ovavanyiweyo kunye nohlobo lwengxaki. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezicubu zibuyisela umva imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo ye-MRI. Umzekelo, izicwili ezisempilweni zithumela umqondiso owahluke kancinane kunezihlunu ezinomhlaza. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo kunye neenkxalabo.

I-MRI ayisebenzisi i-radiation. Akukho ziphumo zibi zivela kumazibuthe omazantsi kunye namaza erediyo axeliweyo.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuchasana (idayi) elisetyenzisiweyo yi-gadolinium. Le nto icingelwa ukuba ikhuselekile ngokubanzi kubantu abaninzi. I-Gadolinium igcinwe kwingqondo nakwamanye amalungu (kubandakanya ulusu kubantu abanesifo sezintso) emva kokusetyenziswa. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukonakala komzimba kunye nolusu kuye kwenzeka kwizigulana ezinengxaki yokusilela kwezintso. Xelela umboneleli wakho ngaphambi kovavanyo ukuba unengxaki yezintso.

Iimpawu zemagneti ezomeleleyo ezenziwe ngexesha le-MRI zinokubangela ukuba iintliziyo zihambe kunye nezinye izinto ezingafakwanga. Iimagnethi zinokubangela ukuba iqhekeza lesinyithi ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho lihambe okanye litshintshe.

Ukucatshulwa kwemifanekiso ngemagneti; Ukucinga nge-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

• Ukuskena iMRI

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U-Levine MS, uGore RM. Iinkqubo zokuqonda isifo kwi-gastroenterology. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 124.

UVan Thielen T, van den Hauwe L, Van Goethem JW, PM weParizel. Imeko yangoku yokucinga ngomqolo kunye neempawu zeatomical. Ku: UAdam A, uDixon AK, uGillard JH, uSchaefer-Prokop CM, ii-eds. I-Grainger kunye ne-Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: Incwadi ebhaliweyo yoNyango lwezoNyango. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 47.

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