Iziphumo zehemoglobin

Iziphumo zehemoglobin ziindlela eziguqulweyo zehemoglobin. IHemoglobin yiprotein ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezihambisa ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside phakathi kwemiphunga kunye nezicubu zomzimba.

Eli nqaku lixoxa ngovavanyo olusetyenzisiweyo lokufumanisa kunye nokulinganisa inani lezixhobo zehemoglobin egazini lakho.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci ukuqokelela isampulu yegazi emthanjeni okanye kwimithambo yegazi. Isampulu inokuqokelelwa kwimithambo okanye umthambo esihlahleni, kwi-groin, okanye engalweni.

Phambi kokuba kutsalwe igazi, umboneleli wezempilo unokuvavanya ukusasazeka kwesandla (ukuba isihlahla sisiza). Emva kokutsalwa kwegazi, uxinzelelo lusetyenziswe kwindawo yokubhoboza imizuzwana embalwa kuyekisa ukopha.

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo luyafuneka.

Kubantwana, kunganceda ukucacisa ukuba uvavanyo luza kuvakalelwa njani kwaye kutheni lwenziwa. Oku kunokwenza ukuba umntwana azive enexhala.

Unokuziva iintlungu okanye ulwamvila xa kufakwa inaliti. Unokuziva ubethwa sisiza emva kokuba kuthathwe igazi.

Uvavanyo lwe-carboxyhemoglobin lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide. Isetyenziselwa ukukhangela utshintsho kwihemoglobin enokubangelwa ngamachiza athile. Ezinye iikhemikhali okanye amachiza anokutshintsha i-hemoglobin ngenxa yoko ayisasebenzi kakuhle.

Iifom ezingaqhelekanga zehemoglobin zibandakanya:

• ICarboxyhemoglobin: Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwehemoglobin encanyathiselwe kwikharbon monoksayidi endaweni yeoksijini okanye icarbon dioxide. Amanani aphezulu olu hlobo lwehemoglobin engaqhelekanga athintela ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kweoksijini ligazi.
• I-Sulfhemoglobin: Uhlobo olunqabileyo olungaqhelekanga lwe-hemoglobin engenakho ukuthwala ioksijini. Inokubangelwa ngamayeza athile anje nge-dapsone, metoclopramide, nitrate okanye sulfonamides.
• Methemoglobin: Ingxaki eyenzekayo xa isinyithi esiyinxalenye yehemoglobin sitshintshiwe ukuze singathwali ioksijini kakuhle. Amachiza athile kunye nezinye izinto ezinjenge-nitrites ezifakwe kumjelo wegazi zinokubangela le ngxaki.

La maxabiso alandelayo abonisa ipesenti yehemoglobin derivatives esekwe kwihemoglobin iyonke:

• I-Carboxyhemoglobin - ngaphantsi kwe-1.5% (kodwa inokuba phezulu njenge-9% kubantu abatshayayo)
• I-Methemoglobin-ngaphantsi kwe-2%
• I-Sulfhemoglobin-ayibonakali

Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci phakathi kweelebhu ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

Imizekelo engentla ibonisa imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yeziphumo zolu vavanyo. Ezinye iilabhoratri zisebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo okanye zinokuvavanya iisampulu ezahlukeneyo.

Amanqanaba aphezulu eziphumo zehemoglobin anokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Iindlela eziguqulweyo zehemoglobin azivumeli ioksijini ukuba ihanjiswe kakuhle emzimbeni. Oku kungakhokelela ekufeni kwethishu.

La maxabiso alandelayo, ngaphandle kwe-sulfhemoglobin, abonisa ipesenti ye-hemoglobin derivatives esekwe kwi-hemoglobin iyonke.

ICarboxyhemoglobin:

• I-10% ukuya kwi-20% iimpawu zetyhefu yekhabhoni yetyhefu ziqala ukuvela
• I-30% -ityhefu enkulu ye-carbon monoxide ekhoyo
• I-50% ukuya kwi-80% -iziphumo ezinokubulala i-carbon monoxide yetyhefu

Imethemoglobin:

• I-10% ukuya kuma-25% iziphumo zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (cyanosis)
• I-35% ukuya kwi-40% -iziphumo zokuphefumla okufutshane kunye nentloko
• Ngaphezulu kwe-60% -ziphumo zovila kunye nobuthongo
• Ngaphezulu kwama-70% - kunokubangela ukufa

Isulfhemoglobin:

• Ixabiso lamagremu ali-10 ngedesilitha nganye (g / dL) okanye i-6.2 millimoles ilitha nganye (mmol / L) ibangela umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini (cyanosis), kodwa ayibangeli ziphumo zengozi ixesha elininzi.

IMethemoglobin; Icarboxyhemoglobin; Isulfhemoglobin

• Uvavanyo lwegazi

I-Benz EJ, i-Ebert BL. Ukwahluka kweHemoglobin okunxulunyaniswa ne-hemolytic anemia, ukutshintsha kwe-oksijini, kunye ne-methemoglobinemias. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ii-eds. I-Hematology: Imigaqo esisiseko kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 43.

Ibhokhwe HF. Indlela eya kwii-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 158.

IChristiani DC. Ukwenzakala komzimba kunye nemichiza emiphungeni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 94.

UNelson LS, uFord MD. Ityhefu Acute. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 110.

I-Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwegazi kunye nomongo wethambo. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 30.