Uvavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa lokuvavanywa

Ukuvavanywa kovavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa kujonga ukukhula, ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba kwimveku. Oku kuvumela amanyathelo athathwe ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zikhule. Uninzi lwezi zigulo lunqabile, kodwa lunokunyangwa ukuba lubanjwe kwangethuba.

Iindidi zovavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa olwenziwe ziyahluka ngokwamazwe. Ngo-Epreli ka-2011, onke amazwe axele ukuvavanywa ubuncinci bokuphazamiseka okungama-26 kwiphaneli efanayo neyomgangatho efanayo. Eyona iphaneli yokujonga ngokucokisekileyo ijonga malunga nokuphazamiseka okungama-40. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-phenylketonuria (PKU) yayisisifo sokuqala apho uvavanyo lokuvavanywa lwaphuhliswayo, abanye abantu basabiza iscreen esisanda kuzalwa "uvavanyo lwe-PKU".

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwegazi, ukucetyiswa kokulahleka kwendlebe kunye nesifo sentliziyo (CCHD) kucetyiswa bonke abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa. Amazwe amaninzi afuna oku kuhlolwa ngumthetho ngokunjalo.

Uvavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi. Amaconsi ambalwa egazi athathwe kwisithende somntwana. Igazi lithunyelwa elebhu ukuze lihlalutywe.
• Uvavanyo lokuva. Umboneleli wezempilo uya kubeka into encinci yendlebe okanye imakrofoni kwindlebe yosana. Enye indlela isebenzisa ii-electrode ezibekwa entlokweni yomntwana ngelixa umntwana ethule okanye elele.
• Isikrini seCCHD. Umboneleli uya kubeka inzwa encinci ethambileyo kulusu lomntwana kwaye ayincamathisele kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-oximeter okwemizuzu embalwa. I-oximeter iya kulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini omntwana esandleni nasezinyaweni.

Akukho lungiselelo lufunekayo kwiimvavanyo zovavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Iimvavanyo zihlala zenziwa ngaphambi kokuba siphume esibhedlele xa usana luphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 neentsuku ezisixhenxe ubudala.

Usana luya kuthi lukhale xa isithende sihlatyelwe ukufumana isampulu yegazi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba iintsana zoomama zibabamba kolusu okanye zibanyise ngexesha lenkqubo zibonisa uxinzelelo oluncinci. Ukumboza umntwana ngokuqinileyo ngengubo, okanye ukunikela nge-pacifier efakwe emanzini aneshukela, kunokukunceda ukunciphisa intlungu kunye nokuzola umntwana.

Uvavanyo lokuva kunye nescreen seCCHD akufuneki sive ukuba umntwana eve iintlungu, alile, okanye aphendule.

Uvavanyo lokuhlola aluchongi izifo. Babonisa ukuba zeziphi na iintsana ezifuna uvavanyo olungaphezulu ukuqinisekisa okanye ukukhupha izifo.

Ukuba uvavanyo olulandelayo luqinisekisa ukuba umntwana unesifo, unyango lunokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.

Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwegazi lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela uninzi lweengxaki. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwimetabolism yeAmino acid
• Ukusilela kweBiotinidase
• I-hyperplasia yokuzalwa ye-adrenal
• Ukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism
• Icystic fibrosis
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism ye-asidi
• IGalactosemia
• Ukusilela kweGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
• Isifo se-immunodeficiency disease (HIV)
• Ukuphazamiseka kwimetabolism ye-acid ye-Organic
• IPhenylketonuria (PKU)
• Isifo seSickle cell kunye nezinye iingxaki zehemoglobin kunye neempawu
• Toxoplasmosis

Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo kuvavanyo ngalunye lovavanyo anokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela olwenziwa ngayo uvavanyo.

Phawula: Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci phakathi kweelebhu ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zithetha ukuba umntwana kufuneka enze uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuyikhupha imeko.

Iingozi zesampulu yegazi esisandul 'ukuzalwa zibandakanya:

• Intlungu
• Ukuqunjelwa okunokwenzeka kwindawo apho kwafunyanwa khona igazi

Uvavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa lubalulekile ukuba umntwana afumane unyango. Unyango lunokusindisa ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iingxaki ezinokufunyanwa ezinokunyangwa.

Nangona izibhedlele zingazenzi zonke iimvavanyo zokuhlola, abazali banokwenza ezinye iimvavanyo kumaziko amakhulu ezonyango. Iilebhu zabucala zikwabonelela ngovavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Abazali banokufumanisa malunga novavanyo olusandula ukuzalwa lokuvavanywa komntwana kumboneleli wabo okanye esibhedlele apho umntwana azalwa khona. Amaqela afana noMatshi weDimes- www.marchofdimes.org ikwabonelela ngezixhobo zovavanyo lokuhlola.

Uvavanyo lokuhlola abantwana; Uvavanyo lweNeonatal lokuvavanywa; Uvavanyo lwePKU

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Ingosi yovavanyo olusanda kuzalwa. www.cdc.gov/ukucoca ulusu ngokutsha. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 7, 2019. Kufikeleleke ngoJuni 26, 2019.

Sahai I, umrhumo HL. Uvavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ku: Gleason CA, Juul SE, ii-eds. Izifo zika-Avery Zomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa. Ngomhla we-10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 27.