Umhlaza wemiphunga

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngumhlaza oqala emiphungeni.

Imiphunga ibekwe esifubeni. Xa uphefumla, umoya udlula empumlweni, wehle ngombhobho wakho (itrachea), uye kungena emiphungeni, apho uqukuqela khona kwiityhubhu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchi. Uninzi lomhlaza wemiphunga uqala kwiiseli ezihambelana nale mibhobho.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wemiphunga:

• Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci (NSCLC) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wemiphunga.
• Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wamaphaphu omncinci (i-SCLC) wenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 kuzo zonke iimeko zomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga wenziwe ziindidi zombini, ubizwa ngokuba ngumxube omncinci weseli / umhlaza weseli enkulu.

Ukuba umhlaza uqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni kwaye usasazeka ukuya emiphungeni, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wemastastatic emiphungeni.

Umhlaza wemiphunga lolona hlobo lomhlaza lubulala amadoda nabafazi. Nyaka ngamnye, abantu abaninzi babulawa ngumhlaza wemiphunga kunebele, iicolon, kunye nomhlaza wedlala lendlala ngokudibeneyo.

Umhlaza wemiphunga uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala. Inqabile kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45.

Ukutshaya icuba ngoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wemiphunga. Phantse kwi-90% yomhlaza wemiphunga unxulumene nokutshaya. Okukhona usitshaya ngemini kwaye kwangoko uqala ukutshaya, kokukhona umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga umkhulu. Umngcipheko uyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha emva kokuyeka ukutshaya. Akukho bungqina bokuba ukutshaya i-cigarttes ephantsi kwehlisa umngcipheko.

Iindidi ezithile zomhlaza wemiphunga zinokuchaphazela nabantu abangazange batshaye.

Umsi otshaywayo (ukuphefumla umsi wabanye) unyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga.

Oku kulandelayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga:

• Ukubonakaliswa kwi-asbestos
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimichiza ebangela umhlaza njenge-uranium, i-beryllium, i-vinyl chloride, i-nickel chromates, iimveliso zamalahle, igesi ye-mustard, i-chloromethyl ethers, i-petroli kunye ne-diesel
• Ukuboniswa kwerhasi yeradon
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga
• Amanqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko lomoya
• Amanqanaba aphezulu earsenic emanzini okusela
• Ukunyanga ngemitha emiphungeni

Umhlaza wemiphunga kwangoko awunakubangela zimpawu.

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onawo, kodwa unokubandakanya:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukukhwehlela okungahambiyo
• Ukukhohlela igazi
• Ukudinwa
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokuzama
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukukhawuleza

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke nangomdlavuza wamaphaphu, zihlala zisekupheleni:

• Intlungu yethambo okanye ukuthamba
• Ukujongwa kweenkophe
• Ukukhubazeka ebusweni
• Ukugquma okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi
• Intlungu edibeneyo
• Iingxaki zenzipho
• Intlungu yamagxa
• Ukuginya ubunzima
• Ukudumba kobuso okanye iingalo
• Ubuthathaka

Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa nakwezinye iimeko ezingaphantsi, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Umhlaza wemiphunga ufumaneka rhoqo xa i-x-ray okanye i-CT scan yenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

Ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga ukrokrelwa, umboneleli uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga nembali yakho yezonyango. Uya kubuzwa ukuba uyatshaya na. Ukuba kunjalo, uza kubuzwa ukuba utshaya kangakanani kwaye unexesha elingakanani utshaye. Uya kubuzwa malunga nezinye izinto ezinokuthi zikubeke emngciphekweni womhlaza wemiphunga, njengokuvezwa kweekhemikhali ezithile.

Xa umamele isifuba nge-stethoscope, umboneleli unokuva ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga. Oku kunokubonisa umhlaza.

Iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zenziwe ukuxilonga umhlaza wemiphunga okanye ubone ukuba sele zisasazekile zibandakanya:

• Ukuskena amathambo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• I-MRI yesifuba
• Ukuskena i-Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza
• I-Thoracentesis (isampulu yolwakhiwo lolwelo olujikeleze umphunga)

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iqhekeza leethishu liyasuswa kwimiphunga yakho ukuze lihlolwe ngemicroscope. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza oku:

• I-Bronchoscopy idityaniswe ne-biopsy
• I-CT-scan-ngqo kwi-biopsy yenaliti
• I-endoscopic esophageal ultrasound (EUS) ene-biopsy
• I-Mediastinoscopy kunye ne-biopsy
• Vula i-lung biopsy
• I-biopsy yePleural

Ukuba i-biopsy ibonisa umhlaza, kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokucinga ngakumbi ukufumana inqanaba lomhlaza. Inqanaba lithetha ukuba likhulu kangakanani ithumba kwaye lide lasasazeka kangakanani. Ukubeka esiteji kunceda ukukhokela unyango kunye nokulandela kwaye kukunika umbono wento onokuyilindela.

Unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, ukuba luqhubele phambili kangakanani, kwaye unempilo kangakanani:

• Utyando lokususa ithumba lunokwenziwa xa lungakhange lusasazeke ngaphaya kwe-lymph node ezikufutshane.
• I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza kunye nokuyeka iiseli ezintsha ekukhuleni.
• Unyango lwe-radiation lusebenzisa i-x-reyi enamandla okanye ezinye iindlela zemitha yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza.

Unyango olungentla lunokwenziwa lodwa okanye ngokudibeneyo. Umboneleli wakho unokukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nonyango oluthile oza kulifumana, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nokuba leliphi inqanaba.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Ukwenza kakuhle kangakanani kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kumhlaza wemiphunga osasazekileyo.

Biza umnikezeli wakho ukuba unempawu zomhlaza wemiphunga, ngakumbi ukuba uyatshaya.

Ukuba uyatshaya, ngoku lixesha lokuba uyeke. Ukuba unengxaki yokuyeka, thetha nomboneleli wakho. Zininzi iindlela zokukunceda uyeke, ukusuka kumaqela enkxaso ukuya kumayeza amiselweyo. Kwakhona, zama ukukuphepha ukutshaya.

Umhlaza - imiphunga

• Utyando lwemiphunga - ukukhupha

UAraujo LH, Uphondo L, uMerritt RE, et al. Umhlaza wemiphunga: umhlaza wamaphaphu ongaqhelekanga kunye nomhlaza wamaphaphu omncinci. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, ii-eds. I-Oncology yeklinikhi yase-Abeloff. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 69.

IGillaspie EA, Lewis J, Leora Horn L. Umhlaza wemiphunga. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Unyango lwangoku lukaConn 2020. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 862-871.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwesifo somhlaza esincinci esincinci (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-nyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 7, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 14, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango oluncinci lomhlaza wamaphaphu (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung- unyango-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Matshi 24, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 14, 2020.

USilvestri GA, uPastis NJ, uTanner NT, uJett JR. Imiba yezonyango yomhlaza wemiphunga. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 53.