Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kumadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64

Kufuneka utyelele umboneleli wakho wezempilo rhoqo, nokuba uziva usempilweni. Injongo yolu tyelelo kukuba:

• Iscreen semicimbi yezonyango
• Vavanya umngcipheko weengxaki zonyango ezizayo
• Khuthaza indlela yokuphila esempilweni
• Hlaziya ugonyo
• Ndinceda ukuba wazi umboneleli wakho xa unokugula

Nokuba uziva ulungile, kuya kufuneka ubone umboneleli wakho ngokujonga rhoqo. Olu tyelelo lunokukunceda uphephe iingxaki kwixa elizayo. Umzekelo, ekuphela kwendlela yokufumanisa ukuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kukuba uhlolwe rhoqo. Iswekile yegazi ephezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol nayo isenokungabi nazimpawu kumanqanaba okuqala. Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula lunokuzijonga ezi meko.

Kukho amaxesha athile apho kuya kufuneka ubone umboneleli wakho. Apha ngezantsi kukho izikhokelo zovavanyo lwamadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64.

UKUJONGWA KWEGAZI

• Vavanya uxinzelelo lwegazi ubuncinci kube kanye kwiminyaka emibini. Ukuba inani eliphezulu (inani le-systolic) lisuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-139 mm Hg, okanye inani elisezantsi (inombolo ye-diastolic) lisukela kwi-80 ukuya kwi-89 mm Hg, kuya kufuneka uyitshekishe minyaka le.
• Ukuba inani eliphezulu li-130 okanye ngaphezulu okanye inani elisezantsi liyi-80 okanye ngaphezulu, hlela ixesha lokubonana nomboneleli wakho ukuze ufunde ukuba ungalinciphisa njani uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, iingxaki zezintso, okanye ezinye iimeko, unokufuna ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luhlolwe rhoqo, kodwa kube kanye ngonyaka.
• Bukela ukuhlolwa koxinzelelo lwegazi kwindawo yakho. Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba unokuma ngaphakathi ukuze uhlolwe uxinzelelo lwegazi.

UKUKHUSELWA KWE-CHOLESTEROL NOKUTHINTELA ISIFO SEentliziyo

• Kunconywe ukuqala kweminyaka yokuvavanywa kwecholesterol yiminyaka engama-35 emadodeni angenabungozi bokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.
• Nje ukuba ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kuqalile, i-cholesterol yakho kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5.
• Phinda uvavanyo kwangoko kunokuba kufuneka ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka kwindlela yokuphila (kubandakanya ukuzuza ubunzima kunye nokutya).
• Ukuba unenqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, iingxaki zezintso, okanye ezinye iimeko ezithile, unokufuna ukukhangelwa rhoqo.

UKUHLAZIYWA KOMHLAZIYO WOKHOLO

Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuhlolwa. Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe ukuba unembali yosapho eyomeleleyo yomhlaza wekolon okanye iipolyps. Uvavanyo lunokuqwalaselwa kwakhona ukuba unemingcipheko efana nembali yezifo zesisu ezivuthayo okanye iipolyps.

Ukuba uneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-75, kuya kufuneka uhlolwe umhlaza ongalunganga. Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuvavanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-fecal occult lwegazi (olusekwe estool) olwenziwa minyaka le
• Uvavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) minyaka le
• Uvavanyo lwe-DNA lwelindle rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-3
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguqukayo rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• Umahluko phakathi kwe-enema ye-barium rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• I-CT colonography (i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo) rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• Colonoscopy qho kwiminyaka eli-10

Unokufuna i-colonoscopy rhoqo xa unemingcipheko yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza, njenge:

• Ukudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi
• Imbali yobuqu okanye yosapho yomhlaza ongalunganga
• Imbali yokukhula ebizwa ngokuba yi-adenomatous polyps

Uviwo lwamazinyo

• Yiya kugqirha wamazinyo kube kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka uvavanyo kunye nokucoca. Ugqirha wakho wamazinyo uza kuvavanya ukuba ngaba ufuna utyelelo rhoqo.
  

UKUHLAZIYWA KWESIKHULA

• Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-44, kuya kufuneka uhlolwe yonke iminyaka emi-3.
• Ukuba ne-BMI ngaphezulu kwama-25 kuthetha ukuba utyebe kakhulu. Ukuba ukhuluphele, buza umboneleli wakho ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlolwe usencinci. Abantu baseAsia baseMelika kufuneka bahlolwe ukuba i-BMI yabo ingaphezulu kwe-23.
• Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lungaphezulu kwe-130/80 mm Hg, okanye uneminye imingcipheko yesifo seswekile, umboneleli wakho unokuvavanya inqanaba leswekile yegazi kwisifo seswekile.

UVIWO LWEEMEHLO

• Yenza uvavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-4 ubudala ukuya kuma-40 ukuya kuma-54 kunye nayo yonke iminyaka emi-1 ukuya kwemi-3 ubudala ukuya kuma-55 ukuya kuma-64.
• Yenza uvavanyo lwamehlo ubuncinci minyaka le ukuba unesifo seswekile.

UGONYO

• Kufuneka ufumane umkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka.
• Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba unokufumana iyeza lokuthintela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-pneumococcal (lubangela uhlobo lwenyumoniya).
• Kuya kufuneka ube nogonyo lwe-tetanus-diphtheria kunye ne-acellular pertussis (Tap) kanye njengenxalenye yezigonyo zakho ze-tetanus-diphtheria ukuba awuzange ulufumane ngaphambili njengomntu ofikisayo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube ne-tetanus-diphtheria booster rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10.
• Unokufumana i-shingles okanye i-herpes zoster yokugonya emva okanye emva kweminyaka engama-50.
• Umboneleli wakho unokuncoma olunye ugonyo ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu weemeko ezithile.

UKUHLAWULWA KWEZIFO EZIYINGCACISO

• I-US Preventive Services Task Force icebisa ukuba kuhlolwe i-hepatitis C.
• Kuxhomekeka kubomi bakho kunye nembali yezonyango, kungafuneka uhlolwe usulelo olufana negcushuwa, i-chlamydia, ne-HIV, kunye nezinye izifo.

UKUHLAZIYWA KOMHLAZA WEMLUNGE

Kuya kufuneka ube novavanyo lonyaka lomhlaza wemiphunga kunye nedosi esezantsi yecomputer tomography (LDCT) ukuba:

• Uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala
• Unembali yokutshaya yeminyaka engama-30 KANYE
• Ngoku uyatshaya okanye uyekile kwiminyaka eli-15 edlulileyo

UKUHLAWULWA KWE-OSTEOPOROSIS

• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-70 kwaye unemingcipheko ye-osteoporosis, kuya kufuneka uxoxe ngokuvavanywa nomboneleli wakho.
• Imiba yomngcipheko inokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-steroid yexesha elide, ukuthoba umzimba, ukutshaya, ukusebenzisa kakhulu utywala, ukwaphuka emva kweminyaka engama-50, okanye imbali yosapho ye-osteoporosis.

UVIWO LWEMPILO

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi kufuneka luhlolwe rhoqo ngonyaka.
• Umboneleli wakho unokucebisa ukuba ujonge i-cholesterol yakho yonke iminyaka emi-5 ukuba unemingcipheko yesifo sentliziyo.
  
• Ukuphakama kwakho, ubunzima, kunye nesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) kufuneka bujongwe kuvavanyo ngalunye.

Ngexesha loviwo lwakho, umboneleli wakho unokukubuza malunga:

• Uxinzelelo
• Ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga
• Utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecuba
• Ukhuseleko, njengokusebenzisa iibhanti zokuhlala kunye nezinto zokujonga umsi

UKUHLAWULWA KOMGAQO-PROSTATE

Ukuba uneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-69 ubudala, ngaphambi kokuvavanywa, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokufumana uvavanyo lwe-PSA. Buza malunga:

• Nokuba ukuvavanywa kunciphisa ithuba lakho lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza webele.
  
• Nokuba kukho nasiphi na isenzakaliso esivela ekuvavanyweni komhlaza wedlala lobudoda, ezinje ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kuvavanyo okanye kunyango lomhlaza xa ufunyenwe.
  
• Nokuba unomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza wedlala lobudoda kunabanye.

Ukuba uneminyaka engama-55 okanye umncinci, ukuhlolwa akukwacetyiswa ngokubanzi. Kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuba unengozi ephezulu yomhlaza webele. Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza wesibeletho (ngakumbi umzalwana okanye utata)
  
• Ukuba ngumAfrika waseMelika
• Ukuba ukhetha ukuvavanywa, uvavanyo lwegazi lwePSA luphindaphindwa ngokuhamba kwexesha (minyaka le okanye rhoqo), nangona elona qondo lihle lingaziwa.
  
• Uviwo lweprostate alusenziwa rhoqo kumadoda angenazo iimpawu.

UVIWO LOLusu

• Umboneleli wakho unokujonga ulusu lwakho iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu, ngakumbi ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu babandakanya abo babekhe banomhlaza wolusu ngaphambili, banezihlobo ezisondeleyo ezinomhlaza wolusu, okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka.
  

UVIWO LWEMVAVANYO

• I-US Prestive Services Task Force (i-USPSTF) ngoku icebisa ngokuchasene nokwenza iimvavanyo zamatyhalarha. Ukwenza uviwo lokuzivavanya kubonisiwe ukuba akunasibonelelo.

Ukutyelela ulondolozo lwempilo-amadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64; Uvavanyo lomzimba-amadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64; Uvavanyo lonyaka-amadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64; Ukutshekishwa-amadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-64; Impilo yamadoda - iminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64; Unonophelo lothintelo-amadoda aneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-64

• Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda
• Unyango
• Iziphumo zobudala kuxinzelelo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lokungcola kwegazi

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