Iingxaki zemiphunga kunye nomsi wentaba-mlilo

Umsi we-volcanic ukwabizwa ngokuba yi-vog. Yenzeka xa kudubula intaba-mlilo kwaye ikhuphe iigesi kumoya osingqongileyo.

Umsi we-volcanic unokucaphukisa imiphunga kwaye wenze iingxaki ezikhoyo zemiphunga zibe mandundu.

Iintaba-mlilo zikhupha uthuli, uthuli, isalfure dioxide, icarbon monoxide, nezinye iigesi eziyingozi emoyeni. Isalfure dioxide yeyona inobungozi kwezi gesi. Xa iigesi zisabela ngeoksijini, ukufuma, nokukhanya kwelanga kumoya osingqongileyo, kuya kubakho umsi wentaba-mlilo. Lo msi luhlobo longcoliseko lomoya.

Umsi we-Volcanic uqulethe ii-aerosol ezine-asidi (amasuntswana amancinci kunye namathontsi), ikakhulu i-asidi yesulfuric kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nesalfure. Ezi aerosols zincinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba zinokuphefumlelwa zingene emiphungeni.

Ukuphefumla umsi wentaba-mlilo kuyayicaphukisa imiphunga kunye nenwebu yangaphakathi. Inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemiphunga yakho. Ukutshaya kwentaba-mlilo nako kunokuchaphazela amajoni akho omzimba.

Iindidi zeasidi kwi-volcanic smog zinokuzenza mandundu iimeko zomphunga:

• Isifo sombefu
• IBronchitis
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• I-Emphysema
• Nayiphi na enye imeko yexesha elide (engapheliyo) yemiphunga

Iimpawu zokutsalwa ngumsi wentaba-mlilo zibandakanya:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukukhohlela
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukungabikho kwamandla
• Ukuveliswa kwencindi ngakumbi
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Amanzi, amehlo acaphukisayo

AMANYATHELO OKUKHUSELA KWI-VOGCANIC SMOG

Ukuba sele unengxaki yokuphefumla, ukuthatha la manyathelo kunokuthintela ukuphefumla kwakho ukuba kubesezantsi xa usiva umsi wentaba-mlilo:

• Hlala ngaphakathi ezindlini kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abantu abaneemeko zemiphunga kufuneka banciphise ukusebenza komzimba ngaphandle. Gcina iifestile neengcango zivaliwe kwaye umoya womoya uvulekile. Ukusebenzisa isicoci somoya / isicoci nako kunokunceda.
• Xa kufuneka uphume phandle, nxiba iphepha okanye imaski yotyando egubungele impumlo nomlomo. Manzisa imaski ngesisombululo sesoda kunye namanzi ukukhusela ngakumbi imiphunga yakho.
• Faka iigogggi ukukhusela amehlo akho kuthuthu.
• Thatha i-COPD yakho okanye amayeza esifuba njengoko kumiselwe.
• Musa ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kunokucaphukisa imiphunga yakho nangakumbi.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi, ngakumbi amanzi afudumeleyo (afana neti).
• Goba phambili esinqeni kancinci ukwenza kube lula ukuphefumla.
• Ziqhelise ukuzivocavoca ngaphakathi ukuze ugcine imiphunga yakho isempilweni kangangoko. Ngemilebe yakho iphantse yavalwa, phefumla ngeempumlo zakho nangaphandle ngomlomo wakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumlomo ophefumlelweyo. Okanye, phefumla nzulu ngeempumlo ungene esiswini ngaphandle kokuhambisa isifuba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuphefumla kovalo.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sukuya okanye ushiye indawo apho kukho umsi wentaba-mlilo.

IIMPAWU EZINGXAMISEKILEYO

Ukuba unayo i-asthma okanye i-COPD kwaye iimpawu zakho ziba zimbi ngokukhawuleza, zama ukusebenzisa i-inhaler yokuhlangula. Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki:

• Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yalapho kwangoko.
• Yiba nomntu okusa kwigumbi lexakeka.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Ngaba ukhohlela ngaphezulu kwi-mucus ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo, okanye i-mucus itshintshe umbala
• Bakhohlela igazi
• Unomkhuhlane omkhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-100 ° F okanye i-37.8 ° C)
• Yiba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane
• Unesifo esibuhlungu esifubeni okanye ukuqina
• Yiba nokuphefumla okufutshane okanye ukubhuqa okuya kusiba mandundu
• Ukudumba emilenzeni okanye esiswini

Inkungu

IBalmes JR, i-Eisner MD. Ungcoliseko lomoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2016: isahl. 74.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iinyani eziphambili malunga nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. www.cdc.gov/disasters/volcanoes/facts.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 18, 2018. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 15, 2020.

UFeldman J, uTilling RI. Ukuqhuma kweentaba-mlilo, iingozi, kunye nokuncitshiswa. Ku: IAuerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, ii-eds. Amayeza ase-Auerbach Wilderness. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 17.

UJay G, uKing K, uCattamanchi S. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo. Ku: ICiottone GR, ehleliwe. ICiottone's Disaster Medicine. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahl. 101.

UShiloh AL, uSavel RH, uKvetan V. Unonophelo olukhulu. Ku: Vincent JL, Abraham E, Moore FA, PM Kochanek, Fink MP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo soKhathalelo oluBalulekileyo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 184.

Iwebhusayithi yaseUnited States yeGeological Survey. Iigesi zentaba-mlilo zingayingozi empilweni, kwizityalo nakwiziseko zophuhliso. mlilo.usgs.gov/vhp/gas.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoMeyi 10, 2017. Kufumaneka ngoJanuwari 15, 2020.